Sense of control depends on fluency of action selection, not motor performance
Open accessAbstract
Sense of agency refers to the feeling of controlling one's own actions, and, through these actions, events in the outside world. Sense of agency is widely held to involve a retrospective inference based on matching actual effects of an action with its expected effects. We hypothesise a second, prospective aspect of sense of agency, reflecting the fluency of action selection, based on results from subliminal priming of actions. When people responded to a target that was compatible with a preceding subliminal prime, they felt stronger sense of control over a subsequent colour effect than when the preceding prime was incompatible. Importantly, compatible and incompatible primes had the same predictive statistical relation to the colour effect. We next investigated whether differences in sense of control could be based on monitoring motor performance. By varying the timings of mask and target, we compared sense of control between a Positive Compatibility condition, where compatible primes facilitated performance, and a Negative Compatibility condition, where compatible primes impaired performance. We found that compatible priming again enhanced sense of control, irrespective of its effects on performance. We present a simple model of the prospective aspect of sense of agency, in which early signals reflecting action selection processing make a direct, experiential contribution to sense of control. Sense of agency may be partly based on an experience-based 'feeling of doing', analogous to the metacognitive 'feeling of knowing'.
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Autonomy-supportive conditions facilitate performance and enhance perceptions of competence, self-efficacy, and sense of agency.
“Potential consequences of autonomy-supportive conditions include facilitation of performance (Karsh & Eitam, 2015;Legault & Inzlicht, 2013) as well as the opportunity to enhance perceptions of competence, self-efficacy, and sense of agency (Chambon & Haggard, 2012).”
From Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (2016) · cites this paper as Chambon & Haggard, 2012
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- Authors
- Chambon, V., & Haggard, P.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Haggard, Patrick
- ORCID
- Haggard, Patrick
- Venue
- Cognition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 441-451
- ISSN
- 0010-0277 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2028724940
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 3.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cognition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- sense of agency, perceived control, action selection, subliminal priming, compatibility effect, motor performance, feeling of knowing, metacognition, action prediction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Subliminal Stimulation, Repetition Priming
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