Effects of chatbot-assisted in-class debates on students’ argumentation skills and task motivation
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The University of Toronto has developed a model in which GenAI is used as a support in evaluation, but without replacing human judgment.
“The University of Toronto, for example, has developed a model in which GenAI is used as a support in evaluation, but without replacing human judgment (Guo et al., 2023).”
From Ethical and regulatory challenges of Generative AI in education: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as Guo et al., 2023
The University of Toronto focused its GenAI implementation on learning assessment, especially automated feedback on essays and written assignments.
“In a different approach, the University of Toronto has focused its implementation of GenAI on learning assessment, especially automated feedback on essays and written assignments.”
From Ethical and regulatory challenges of Generative AI in education: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as Guo et al., 2023
The University of Toronto framework regulates GenAI use in exams and academic papers, ensuring that final decisions remain in the hands of human professors and evaluators.
“This framework regulates the use of GenAI in exams and academic papers, ensuring that final decisions remain in the hands of human professors and evaluators.”
From Ethical and regulatory challenges of Generative AI in education: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as Guo et al., 2023
The University of Toronto implemented an auditing system in which teachers and students can review AI recommendations to verify their validity.
“In addition, Toronto has implemented an auditing system in which teachers and students can review the AI's recommendations to verify their validity.”
From Ethical and regulatory challenges of Generative AI in education: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as Guo et al., 2023
To ensure fairness and mitigate algorithmic biases, the University of Toronto developed a governance framework in which GenAI can only be used as a Support Tool and not as a substitute for human judgment.
“To ensure fairness and mitigate algorithmic biases, the university has developed a governance framework in which generative AI can only be used as a Support Tool and not as a substitute for human judgment (Guo et al., 2023).”
From Ethical and regulatory challenges of Generative AI in education: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as Guo et al., 2023
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931 · see citing works
Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classification
Kim, Y. (2014) · Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1181 · Cited by 14,831 · see citing works
SPSS survival manual: a step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS
(2013) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12166 · Cited by 2,723 · see citing works
Enhancing the quality of argumentation in school science
Osborne, J., Erduran, S., & Simon, S. (2004) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.20035 · Cited by 1,596 · see citing works
Teaching and Researching Motivation
Busse, V. (2011) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2011.04.010 · Cited by 1,401 · see citing works
A SWOT analysis of ChatGPT: Implications for educational practice and research
Farrokhnia, M., Banihashem, S. K., Noroozi, O., & Wals, A. (2024) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2023.2195846 · Cited by 1,384 · see citing works
Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation: A developmental perspective
Wigfield, A. (1994) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/bf02209024 · Cited by 1,305 · see citing works
Arguing to Learn in Science: The Role of Collaborative, Critical Discourse
Osborne, J. F. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1183944 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Chatbots for learning: A review of educational chatbots for the Facebook Messenger
Smutny, P., & Schreiberova, P. (2020) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103862 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Learning to Teach Argumentation: Research and development in the science classroom
Simon, S., Erduran, S., & Osborne, J. F. (2005) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500690500336957 · Cited by 764 · see citing works
Rapp, A., Curti, L., & Boldi, A. (2021) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102630 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Why do bad moods increase self-defeating behavior? Emotion, risk tasking, and self-regulation.
Leith, K. P., & Baumeister, R. F. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.71.6.1250 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
A review of opportunities and challenges of chatbots in education
Hwang, G.-J., & Chang, C.-Y. (2023) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2021.1952615 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Quade, D. (1967) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1967.10500925 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Key-Value Retrieval Networks for Task-Oriented Dialogue
Eric, M., Krishnan, L., Charette, F., & Manning, C. D. (2017) · Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue · doi:10.18653/v1/w17-5506 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Goldman, S. R., Britt, M. A., Brown, W. R., Cribb, G., George, M., Greenleaf, C. L., Lee, C. D., Shanahan, C. R., & Project READI (2016) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2016.1168741 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Learner-generated content and engagement in second language task performance
Lambert, C., Philp, J., & Nakamura, S. (2016) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168816683559 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Arguing to learn and learning to argue: design justifications and guidelines
Jonassen, D. H., & Kim, B. (2009) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-009-9143-8 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Dawson, V., & Venville, G. J. (2008) · Research in Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11165-008-9104-y · Cited by 278 · see citing works
An analysis of children’ interaction with an AI chatbot and its impact on their interest in reading
Liu, C.-C., Liao, M.-G., Chang, C.-H., & Lin, H.-M. (2022) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104576 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Developing an AI-based chatbot for practicing responsive teaching in mathematics
Lee, D., & Yeo, S. (2022) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104646 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
The analysis of Toulmin elements in Chinese EFL university argumentative writing
Qin, J., & Karabacak, E. (2010) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2010.06.012 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Using chatbots to scaffold EFL students’ argumentative writing
Guo, K., Wang, J., & Chu, S. K. W. (2022) · Assessing Writing · doi:10.1016/j.asw.2022.100666 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationLet's Debate: Active Learning Encourages Student Participation and Critical Thinking
Oros, A. L. (2007) · Journal of Political Science Education · doi:10.1080/15512160701558273 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Explanation and Evidence in Informal Argument
Brem, S. K., & Rips, L. J. (2000) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog2404_2 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Ferretti, R. P., MacArthur, C. A., & Dowdy, N. S. (2000) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.92.4.694 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Language learning motivation through a small lens: A research agenda
Ushioda, E. (2016) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444816000173 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
A systematic review on the impacts of game-based learning on argumentation skills
Noroozi, O., Dehghanzadeh, H., & Talaee, E. (2020) · Entertainment Computing · doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2020.100369 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Online peer feedback patterns of success and failure in argumentative essay writing
Kerman, N. T., Noroozi, O., Banihashem, S. K., Karami, M., & Biemans, H. J. A. (2022) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2022.2093914 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
The evaluation of chatbot as a tool for health literacy education among undergraduate students
Mokmin, N. A. M., & Ibrahim, N. A. (2021) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-021-10542-y · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Mendoza, N. B., Yan, Z., & King, R. B. (2022) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104663 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Latifi, S., Noroozi, O., & Talaee, E. (2023) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1799032 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Noroozi, O., Banihashem, S. K., Taghizadeh Kerman, N., Parvaneh Akhteh Khaneh, M., Babaee, M., Ashrafi, H., & Biemans, H. J. A. (2023) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2022.2034887 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Goda, Y., Yamada, M., Matsukawa, H., Hata, K., & Yasunami, S. (2014) · The Journal of Information and Systems in Education · doi:10.12937/ejsise.13.1 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Arthurs, L. A., & Kreager, B. Z. (2017) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2017.1363925 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Many Sides: Debate Across the Curriculum
Snider, A., & Schnurer, M. (2002) · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Dang, H., Mecke, L., Lehmann, F., Goller, S., & Buschek, D. (2022) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2209.01390 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Noroozi, O., Banihashem, S. K., Biemans, H. J. A., Smits, M., Vervoort, M. T. W., & Verbaan, C.-L. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-11683-y · Cited by 83 · see citing works
More or less choice? The influence of choice on task motivation and task engagement
Mozgalina, A. (2015) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2015.01.004 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
A scaffolding tool to assist learners in argumentative writing
Fan, C., & Chen, G. (2019) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2019.1660685 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Mathematics teachers' attention to potential classroom situations of argumentation
Ayalon, M., & Hershkowitz, R. (2017) · The Journal of Mathematical Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jmathb.2017.11.010 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Fryer, L. K., Thompson, A., Nakao, K., Howarth, M., & Gallacher, A. (2020) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101850 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Wang, J., Hwang, G., & Chang, C. (2021) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100023 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Poupore, G. (2016) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168815606162 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The effects of in-class debates on argumentation skills in second language education
el Majidi, A., Janssen, D., & de Graaff, R. (2021) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2021.102576 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The role of students’ epistemic beliefs for their argumentation performance in higher education
Noroozi, O. (2022) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2022.2092188 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Chatbot-based training on logical fallacy in EFL argumentative writing
Zhang, R., Zou, D., & Cheng, G. (2023) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2023.2197417 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Task Motivation in Process: A Complex Systems Perspective
Poupore, G. (2012) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.1139 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Argumentation in science education as a systemic activity: An activity-theoretical perspective
Lazarou, D., Sutherland, R., & Erduran, S. (2016) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2016.07.008 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Investigating students’ engagement in chatbot-supported classroom debates
Guo, K.-Y., Zhong, Y.-C., Li, D.-L., & Chu, S. (2023) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2023.2207181 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationDave the debater: a retrieval-based and generative argumentative dialogue agent
Le, D. T., Nguyen, C.-T., & Nguyen, K. A. (2018) · Workshop on Argument Mining (ArgMining) · doi:10.18653/v1/w18-5215 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Chuang, P.-L., & Yan, X. (2022) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2022.100892 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Liu, Q.-T., Liu, B.-W., & Lin, Y.-R. (2018) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2018.1545100 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Nussbaum, E. M., Dove, I. J., Slife, N. M., Kardash, C. M., Turgut, R., & Vallett, D. (2018) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-018-9848-3 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Debbie, the Debate Bot of the Future
Rakshit, G., Bowden, K. K., Reed, L., Misra, A., & Walker, M. (2018) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92108-2_5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Against Spoon-Feeding. For Learning. Reflections on Students’ Claims to Knowledge
Dehler, G. E., & Welsh, M. A. (2013) · Organizational Behavior Teaching Review · doi:10.1177/1052562913511436 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A qualitative exploration of student perspectives of chatbot use during emergency remote teaching
Kohnke, L. (2022) · International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation · doi:10.1504/ijmlo.2022.125966 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Students’ perceptions of debating as a learning strategy: A qualitative study
Rodger, D., & Stewart-Lord, A. (2019) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2019.102681 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kibler, A. K., & Hardigree, C. N. (2016) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12198 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Zorwick, L. W., & Wade, J. M. (2016) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634523.2016.1203005 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining
(2019) · doi:10.18653/v1/w19-45 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Influence of Content on Adult L2 Learners’ Task Motivation: An Interest Theory Perspective
Poupore, G. (2015) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Noroozi, O., McAlister, S., & Mulder, M. (2016) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v17i3.2297 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Comfort or safety? Gathering and using the concerns of a participant for better persuasion
Hadoux, E., & Hunter, A. (2019) · Argument & Computation · doi:10.3233/aac-191007 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The intersection of epistemic beliefs and gender in argumentation performance
Banihashem, S. K., Noroozi, O., Biemans, H. J. A., & Tassone, V. C. (2024) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2023.2198995 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Andone, C. (2014) · History and Philosophy of Logic · doi:10.1080/01445340.2014.894711 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Chen, X., Zhai, X., Zhu, Y., & Li, Y. (2022) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101035 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A debate about the merits of debate in nurse education
Hartin, P., Birks, M., Bodak, M., Woods, C., & Hitchins, M. (2017) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2017.08.005 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Advanced Social Interaction with Agents
Eskénazi, M., Devillers, L. Y., & Mariani, J. (2018) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92108-2 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
ArgueBot: A Conversational Agent for Adaptive Argumentation Feedback
Wambsganß, T., Guggisberg, S., & Söllner, M. (2021) · Lecture notes in information systems and organisation · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86797-3_18 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gulnaz, F. (2020) · International Journal of English Linguistics · doi:10.5539/ijel.v10n5p265 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Evaluating Sources of Evidence for Argumentative Writing: A Collaborative Learning Design
Guo, K., Gu, M. M., & Jin, T. (2021) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/tesq.3025 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationel Majidi, A., de Graaff, R., & Janssen, D. (2015) · Journal of Language Teaching and Research · doi:10.17507/jltr.0605.03 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Digitally Scaffolding Debate in the Classroom
Holzer, A., Tintarev, N., Bendahan, S., Kocher, B., Greenup, S., & Gillet, D. (2018) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3170427.3188499 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Applying Toulmin: Does Peer Response Play a Role in Korean EFL College Students’ Revision Quality?
Huh, M.-H., & 이인환 (2014) · English Teaching · doi:10.15858/engtea.69.3.201409.3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Accounting for the human when designing with AI : challenges identified
Stembert, N., & Harbers, M. (2019) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · doi:10.1145/3290607 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 79 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Law, L. (2024) · Computers and Education Open · doi:10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100174 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Fathi, J., Rahimi, M., & Derakhshan, A. (2024) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2024.103254 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
ChatGPT improves creative problem-solving performance in university students: An experimental study
Urban, M., Děchtěrenko, F., Lukavský, J., Hrabalová, V., Svacha, F., Brom, C., & Urban, K. (2024) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105031 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Tai, T., & Chen, H. H.-J. (2024) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105112 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Bernabei, M., Colabianchi, S., Falegnami, A., & Costantino, F. (2023) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100172 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Implementing generative AI (GenAI) in higher education: A systematic review of case studies
Belkina, M., Daniel, S., Nikolic, S., Haque, R., Lyden, S., Neal, P., Grundy, S., & Hassan, G. M. (2025) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100407 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Hmoud, M., Swaity, H., Hamad, N., Karram, O., & Daher, W. M. (2024) · Information · doi:10.3390/info15010033 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Design and assessment of AI-based learning tools in higher education: a systematic review
Luo, J., Zheng, C., Yin, J., & Teo, H. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-025-00540-2 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Ethical and regulatory challenges of Generative AI in education: a systematic review
García-López, I. M., & Trujillo-Liñán, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1565938 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Sun, L., & Zhou, L. (2024) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331241277937 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Guo, K., & Li, D. (2024) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2024.103362 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, Y., Zhi, Y., & Derakhshan, A. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70157 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Understanding EFL students’ chatbot-assisted argumentative writing: An activity theory perspective
Guo, K., Li, Y., Li, Y., & Chu, S. K. W. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-12230-5 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationDerakhshan, A., & Park, Y. (2026) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2026.2625660 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. M., & Goto, D. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12495-4 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Ren, X., & Wu, M. L. (2025) · TechTrends · doi:10.1007/s11528-025-01055-3 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Saihi, A., Ben-Daya, M., Hariga, M., & As'ad, R. (2024) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100274 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Wang, F., Li, N., Cheung, A. C. K., & Wong, G. K. W. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-025-00547-9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Rezai, A., Soyoof, A., & Reynolds, B. L. (2024) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.12752 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Li, H., Wang, Y., Luo, S., & Huang, C. (2024) · Journal of Asian Public Policy · doi:10.1080/17516234.2024.2363128 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Ma, W., Wen-jing, M., Hu, Y., & Xinyu, B. I. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13128-6 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Xia, Q., Liu, C., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2024) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2024.104877 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Mzwri, K., & Turcsányi-Szabó, M. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15020199 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Hu, W., Tian, J., & Li, Y. (2024) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2024.100979 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Chen, S., & Cheung, A. (2025) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2025.100737 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Garg, A., Nisumba Soodhani, K., & Rajendran, R. (2025) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100380 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Chatbots and student motivation: a scoping review
Huang, W., Jiang, J., King, R. B., & Fryer, L. K. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-025-00524-2 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Chatbots in Improving Language Learning: A Meta‐Analysis of Comparative Studies
Lyu, B., Lai, C., & Guo, J. (2024) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.12668 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Xia, Q., Li, W., Yang, Y., Weng, X., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2025) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100455 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The AI Motivation Scale (AIMS): a self-determination theory perspective
Li, J., King, R. B., Chai, C. S., Zhai, X., & Lee, V. W. Y. (2025) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2025.2478424 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Zhu, C., Wu, T., Wang, S., Zhou, Y., Chen, J., Wu, F., & Li, Y. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12898-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Improving Students’ Argumentation Skills Using Dynamic Machine-Learning–Based Modeling
Wambsganß, T., Janson, A., Söllner, M., Koedinger, K. R., & Leimeister, J. M. (2024) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2021.0615 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Ji, H., Suo, L., & Hua, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1447680 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Potentials and Challenges of Chatbot-Supported Thesis Writing: An Autoethnography
Schwenke, N., Söbke, H., & Kraft, E. (2023) · Trends in Higher Education · doi:10.3390/higheredu2040037 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Co-designing Large Language Model Tools for Project-Based Learning with K12 Educators
Ravi, P., Masla, J., Kakoti, G., Lin, G. C., Anderson, E., Taylor, M., Ostrowski, A. K., Breazeal, C., Klopfer, E. D., & Abelson, H. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713971 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Research trends in the use of artificial intelligence in higher education
Akhmadieva, R. S., Александровна, К. Н., Belova, T. V., Prokopyev, A. I., Molodozhnikova, N. M., & Spichak, V. Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1438715 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., Sun, B., & An, P. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713853 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Galindo‐Domínguez, H., Delgado, N., Urruzola, M. V., Urbieta, J. M. E., & Campo, L. (2025) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.70020 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Han, Z., Ying, R., Huang, C., Tsai, C., Wang, X., & He, T. (2025) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105422 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Zhao, G., Yang, L., Hu, B., & Wang, J. (2025) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331251336154 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Xia, Q., Zhang, P., Huang, W., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/02188791.2025.2530503 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Radtke, A., & Rummel, N. (2024) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100350 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Zhang, Q., Siraj, S. B., & Razak, R. A. (2025) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2025.2515111 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hou, C., Zhu, G., Liu, Y., Sudarshan, V., Chong, J. L. L., Zhang, F. Y., Tan, M. Y. H., & Ong, Y. S. (2026) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105576 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Improving Primary School Students' Oral Reading Fluency Through Voice Chatbot‐Based AI
Elmaadaway, M. A. N., El‐Naggar, M. E., & AbouHashesh, M. R. I. (2025) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.70019 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Türkçe Eğitiminde Yapay Zekâ Kullanımı: Türkçe Eğitimcileri Yapay Zekâ Hakkında Ne Düşünüyor?
KARAGÖL, E., & Yıldırım, D. (2025) · Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi · doi:10.16916/aded.1611540 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Chen, Q., Tawilapakul, U., & Lin, A. M. Y. (2025) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2025.103877 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Designing chatbots in language classrooms: an empirical investigation from user learning experience
Wiboolyasarin, W., Wiboolyasarin, K., Tiranant, P., Boonyakitanont, P., & Jinowat, N. (2024) · Smart Learning Environments · doi:10.1186/s40561-024-00319-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Sun, L., & Zhou, L. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13236-3 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Le, T. H., Huynh, L., Dang, B., Pham, H., Nguyen, N. T. V., & Nguyen, A. (2026) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.70047 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Improving Collaborative Learning Performance Based on LLM Virtual Assistant
Wei, R., Li, K., & Lan, J. (2024) · International Conference on Educational and Information Technology · doi:10.1109/iceit61397.2024.10540942 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Zhong, Y., Lian, J., Huang, H., & Deng, H. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13237-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, X.-Y., Radloff, J., Yeter, I. H., Wang, L., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2025) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2563086 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Wang, P., Yin, K., Zhang, M., Zheng, Y., Zhang, T., Kang, Y., & Feng, X. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13244-3 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The synergistic effects in an AI-supported online scientific argumentation learning environment
Lin, Y., & Hung, C. (2025) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105251 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Cengiz, B. C., Bilki, Z., Ataş, A. H., & Çelik, B. (2025) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2025.103837 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A systematic review of AI-based chatbot usages in healthcare services
Jasim, K. M., Malathi, A., Bhardwaj, S., & Aw, E. C. (2025) · Journal of Health Organization and Management · doi:10.1108/jhom-12-2023-0376 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Li, H., & Savaş, H. (2025) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2025.2599161 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mosha, N. F., Chigwada, J. P., Ketchiwou, G. F., & Ngulube, P. (2026) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci16020185 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Tajik, A. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5788599/v1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Xiao, Y., Li, D., & Guo, K. (2025) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105414 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationDu, J., & Yang, L. (2025) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2025.2601755 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Gao, J., Jing, Z., & Li, Y. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100472 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Analyzing teacher candidates' arguments on AI integration in education via different chatbots
Duran, V. (2024) · Digital Education Review · doi:10.1344/der.2024.45.68-83 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chen, X., Jia, B., Peng, X., Zhao, H., Yao, J., Wang, Z., & Zhu, S. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13471-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sohail, M., Wang, F., Archer, N., Wang, W., & Yuan, Y. (2024) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2024.104033 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Alwakid, W. N., Dahri, N. A., Humayun, M., & Alwakid, G. N. (2025) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2025.101252 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Gong, X., Xu, W., & Qiao, A. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-025-00552-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works
GPT vs. Google: A Comparative Study of Self-Code Learning in ODL Students
Fırat, M., & Kuleli, S. (2024) · Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning · doi:10.31681/jetol.1508675 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Fan, L., Kim, J., Detrick, R., & Li, N. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7332-3.ch024 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Gaeta, A., Orciuoli, F., Pascuzzo, A., & Peduto, A. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100433 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Shishakly, R. (2025) · European Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.20897/ejsteme/17646 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sui, C., Yen, M.-H., & Chang, C. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12715-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sun, N., & Sun, Y.-H. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105546 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Pan, Y. (2025) · Discover Computing · doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09830-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Students’ perceptions of multiliteracies development using AI-assisted portfolio assessment
Ni, Y., & Lam, R. (2025) · Pedagogies An International Journal · doi:10.1080/1554480x.2025.2545212 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Shen, W., Lin, X., Liu, J., Liang, X., Chen, R., Xiao-yun, L., & Zheng, X. N. (2025) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.70140 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Understanding AI-Related Needs of Adolescent Refugee EFL Learners in Türkiye: A Qualitative Study
Derakhshan, A., & Solhi, M. (2025) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2025.2602796 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Zhang, Y. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70142 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Huang, S. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105211 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
KARAGÖL, E., Yıldırım, D., & KORKMAZ, C. B. (2025) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2025.105180 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Liang, C., Shi, H., Wu, Y., & Li, F. (2025) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331251400540 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence dependency among educators: a scale development and validation study
Uyar, A., Karafil, B., & KARAKUYU, A. (2026) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13862-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Practice of Enhancing Learning and Scientific Innovative Abilities Using LLM-Based AI Tools
Wang, B., Zhang, X., Li, S., & Wang, Y. (2024) · International Conference on Computer Science and Technologies in Education (CSTE) · doi:10.1109/cste62025.2024.00038 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Postdigital Citizenship Education and Argumentation: Can AI Support Students’ Critical Literacy?
Rapanta, C. (2025) · Globalisation, comparative education and policy research · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-86145-1_5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wang, J., & Guo, K. (2025) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2025.103857 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationMutlu, A. K. (2025) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2025.2579972 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Factors influencing undergraduates’ ethical use of ChatGPT: a reasoned goal pursuit approach
Toma, R. B., & Yánez‐Pérez, I. (2025) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2457349 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Innovative Teaching: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2013 to 2023
Kussainova, R., Urazbayeva, G. T., Kaliyeva, A., & Denst-García, E. (2023) · European Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.12973/eu-jer.13.1.233 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fadil, A.-S. R., & Ramadhan, S. (2023) · Ranah Jurnal Kajian Bahasa · doi:10.26499/rnh.v12i2.6830 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Liu, W., & Cui, X. (2024) · 2024 4th International Conference on Educational Technology (ICET) · doi:10.1109/icet62460.2024.10868171 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Exploring Teachers’ Beliefs About ChatGPT in Arts Education
Kladaki, M., Κώστας, Α., & Alexopoulos, P. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15070795 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Li, R. (2025) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2025.101948 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A Toulmin Model Analysis of Student Argumentation on Artificial Intelligence
Turós, M., Kenyeres, A. Z., Balla, G., Gazdag, E., Szabó, E., & Szűts, Z. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15091226 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yu, S., Li, Y., Yao, C., & Wang, C. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105635 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Enhancing scientific argumentation with visual scaffolding in generative AI-supported environments
Lin, Y.-R., Jiao, X., & Hung, C.-Y. (2026) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2026.2630293 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Leveraging generative AI to facilitate peer feedback in collaborative argumentation learning
Chang, Y., Liu, Q., Lu, Y., & Miao, E. (2026) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-026-00586-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Systematic review on the current state of computer-supported argumentation learning systems
Sinikallio, L., Aunimo, L., & Männistö, T. (2024) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107598 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
What the Amazon Can’t Deliver: Lessons Learned from Virtual Reality-Based Sustainability Education
Träg, K. H., & Mulders, M. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-80472-4_5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yar, S., & Sabzehparvar, A. (2025) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2025.2607715 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Guo, K., Zhong, Y., Li, D., & Chu, S. K. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Danling
- Venue
- Computers & Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-10
- Volume
- 203
- Pages
- 104862
- ISSN
- 0360-1315 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4379619507
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 7
- FWCI
- 17.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Computers & Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Keywords
- chatbots, argumentation skills, task motivation, argumentative dialogue, AI-assisted learning, undergraduate students, argument structure
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review