Cited by 271Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchMigration, Health and TraumaTraumatic Brain Injury Research

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Etiology of depression comorbidity in combat-related PTSD: A review of the literature

Stander, Valerie A., Thomsen, Cynthia J., Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M.·2014·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.12.002

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Abstract

Posttraumatic stress disorder is often diagnosed with other mental health problems, particularly depression. Although PTSD comorbidity has been associated with more severe and chronic symptomology, relationships among commonly co-occurring disorders are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to review the literature regarding the development of depression comorbid with combat-related PTSD among military personnel. We summarize results of commonly tested hypotheses about the etiology of PTSD and depression comorbidity, including (1) causal hypotheses, (2) common factor hypotheses, and (3) potential confounds. Evidence suggests that PTSD may be a causal risk factor for subsequent depression; however, associations are likely complex, involving bidirectional causality, common risk factors, and common vulnerabilities. The unique nature of PTSD-depression comorbidity in the context of military deployment and combat exposure is emphasized. Implications of our results for clinical practice and future research are discussed.

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Authors: Stander, V. A., Thomsen, C. J., & Highfill-McRoy, R. M.
Affiliations: Naval Health Research Center (US)
Corresponding author: Stander, Valerie A.
ORCID: Stander, Valerie A.
Thomsen, Cynthia J.
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-03
Volume: 34
Issue: 2
Pages: 87-98
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.12.002
OpenAlex: W2015000636
Cited by: 271
References: 135
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 4
FWCI: 1.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, comorbidities, combat exposure, military personnel, etiology, bidirectional causality, shared risk factors, military deployment
MeSH terms: Combat Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Military Personnel, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans

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Etiology of depression comorbidity in combat-related PTSD: A review of the literature

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