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Using progress feedback to improve outcomes and reduce drop-out, treatment duration, and deterioration: A multilevel meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Progress feedback is an intervention aimed at enhancing patient outcomes in routine clinical practice. This study reports a comprehensive multilevel meta-analysis on the effectiveness of progress feedback in psychological treatments in curative care. The short- and long-term effects of feedback on symptom reduction were investigated using 58 (randomized and non-randomized) studies, analyzing 110 effect sizes in a total of 21,699 patients. Effects of feedback on dropout rate, percentage of deteriorated cases, and treatment duration were also examined. Moderation analyses were conducted for study and feedback characteristics. A small significant effect of progress feedback on symptom reduction (d = 0.15, 95% CI: [0.10, 0.20]) was found, compared to control groups. This was also true for not-on-track cases (d = 0.17, 95% CI: [0.11, 0.22]). In addition, feedback had a small favorable effect on dropout rates (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: [1.03, 1.38]). The moderation analyses identified several potentially interesting variables for further research, including feedback instrument, outcome instrument, type of feedback, feedback frequency, treatment intensity, and country in which the study was conducted. Future studies should report on these variables more consistently so that we can obtain a better understanding of when and why feedback improves outcomes.
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Clinicians' behaviour and attitudes, perceived usefulness, and commitment to outcome measurement mediate the impact on the effectiveness of such tools in clinical practice.
“Clinicians' behaviour and attitudes, perceived usefulness, and commitment to outcome measurement mediate the impact on the effectiveness of such tools in clinical practice (de Jong et al., 2021;Lutz et al., 2021b).”
From Data-Informed Case Formulation with the Trier Treatment Navigator (2022) · cites this paper as de Jong et al., 2021
The paper’s “Mechanisms and moderators” section reports that feedback was effective only among therapists who actively used the reports. Its “Limitations and suggestions for further research” section also identifies therapist expectations as a potential moderator, but says the meta-analysis could not assess it. Our copy does not establish perceived usefulness or commitment to outcome measurement as mediators, so the sentence is more specific and certain than this source supports; page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPractising data-informed psychotherapy with technological augmentation tools (i.e., CDSS, ROM and feedback systems, CSTs) contributes to better treatment outcomes.
“Beyond CF, it has been shown that practising data-informed psychotherapy with technological augmentation tools (i.e., CDSS, ROM and feedback systems, CSTs) contributes to better treatment outcomes (Cohen et al., 2021;de Jong et al., 2021;Delgadillo et al., 2018).”
From Data-Informed Case Formulation with the Trier Treatment Navigator (2022) · cites this paper as de Jong et al., 2021
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“…in a 2014 study of Canadian psychologists, only 12% reported monitoring their patients’ progress while in psychotherapy (Ionita & Fitzpatrick, 2014), even though meta-analyses have clearly established the value of outcome measurement in improving care (de Jong et al., 2021; Lambert et al., 2018).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- de Jong, K., Conijn, J. M., Gallagher, R. A. V., Reshetnikova, A. S., Heij, M., & Lutz, M. C.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- de Jong, Kim
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-04
- Volume
- 85
- Pages
- 102002
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3134663541
- Cited by
- 417
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 90 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 121 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 7.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Keywords
- progress feedback, psychological intervention, symptom relief, treatment discontinuation, treatment deterioration, treatment duration, feedback frequency, feedback instruments, treatment intensity, curative treatment
- MeSH terms
- Duration of Therapy, Feedback, Humans
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