The NK homeobox gene cluster predates the origin of Hox genes.
Open accessAbstract
Hox and other Antennapedia (ANTP)-like homeobox gene subclasses - ParaHox, EHGbox, and NK-like - contribute to key developmental events in bilaterians [1-4]. Evidence of physical clustering of ANTP genes in multiple animal genomes [4-9] suggests that all four subclasses arose via sequential cis-duplication events. Here, we show that Hox genes' origin occurred after the divergence of sponge and eumetazoan lineages and occurred concomitantly with a major evolutionary transition in animal body-plan complexity. By using whole genome information from the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica, we provide the first conclusive evidence that the earliest metazoans possessed multiple NK-like genes but no Hox, ParaHox, or EHGbox genes. Six of the eight NK-like genes present in the Amphimedon genome are clustered within 71 kb in an order akin to bilaterian NK clusters. We infer that the NK cluster in the last common ancestor to sponges, cnidarians, and bilaterians consisted of at least five genes. It appears that the ProtoHox gene originated from within this ancestral cluster after the divergence of sponge and eumetazoan lineages. The maintenance of the NK cluster in sponges and bilaterians for greater than 550 million years is likely to reflect regulatory constraints inherent to the organization of this ancient cluster.
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The origination of Hox genes and expansion of a range of developmental transcription factor gene families enabled further elaboration of ancestral gene regulatory networks.
“Along with the diversification signalling pathways in eumetazoans was the origination of Hox genes [24] and expansion of a range of developmental transcription factor gene families [23], [28, unpublished], which enabled further elaboration of ancestral gene regulatory networks.”
From Wnt and TGF-β Expression in the Sponge Amphimedon queenslandica and the Origin of Metazoan Embryonic Patterning (2007) · cites this paper as [24]
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Zimmermann, B., Montenegro, J. D., Robb, S. M. C., Fropf, W. J., Weilguny, L., He, S., Chen, S., Lovegrove-Walsh, J., Hill, E. M., Chen, C.-Y., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44080-7 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“In contrast, in the earlier-branching sponges, neither ParaHox nor extended Hox cluster genes exist, and only theNKclusterispresentwithasingle NK2/3/4 gene,two NK5/6/7 genes, an Msx ortholog, as well as possible Hex and Tlx orthologs 54 , (Fig.”
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Fortunato, S., Adamski, M., Ramos, O. M., Leininger, S., Liu, J. L., Ferrier, D. E. K., & Adamska, M. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13881 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
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“queenslandica homologues (orthologues and gene family members) to cnidarian Nematostella vectensis endomesodermal genes (listed in [29]) based on previously published data [28,53-58] and sequence similarity searches in NCBI databases (via BLASTp).”
BackgroundOrigin of animal epithelia: insights from the sponge genome
Fahey, B., & Degnan, B. M. (2010) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2010.00445.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“In some cases, an in-house trace assembly pipeline was used to derive missing sequence information for local gaps or breaks in the genomic contigs (Larroux et al. 2007).”
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“Thus a matrix was built with 117 cnidarian and 94 bilaterian Antp homeodomain sequences and was completed by 5 sequences from the placozoan Trichoplax adherens [46], the 8 available sequences from the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica [47] and the 4 available sequences from the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi [48].”
Ereskovsky, A. V., Borchiellini, C., Gazave, E., Ivanišević, J., Lapébie, P., Pérez, T., Renard, E., & Vacelet, J. (2009) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.080058 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“Among them at least five (NK5-7, Tlx, Hex, Msx and NK2-4) might have composed a hypothetic ‘protoNK’ cluster.((23)) Nevertheless, expression data remain scarce and”
BackgroundInfluentialSantagata, S., Resh, C., Hejnol, A., Martindale, M. Q., & Passamaneck, Y. J. (2012) · EvoDevo · doi:10.1186/2041-9139-3-3 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“Since the origin of these gene families predates the Bilateria [73,74], a discussion of their role in cnidarian and ctenophore development is useful as it relates to the origin of bilaterian larval apical organs.”
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Developmental expression of homeobox genes in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi
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“2006), whereas in the sponge, Amphimedon queenslandica, there are only 31 (Larroux et al. 2007; Larroux et al. 2008), which raises the question of whether this fourfold disparity reflects a primitive simplicity in poriferans or gene loss that resulted in a secondary simplification (Peterson and Sperling 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe genetic factors of bilaterian evolution
Heger, P., Zheng, W. L., Rottmann, A., Panfilio, K. A., & Wiehe, T. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.45530 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
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“…sponges have a strong affinity with their more complex metazoan relatives, in terms of both their genome and their life cycle (Adell & Müller 2005; Larroux et al. 2006, 2007, 2008; Nichols et al. 2006; Adamska et al. 2007a,b; Sakarya et al. 2007; Simionato et al. 2007; Fahey et al. 2008;…”
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Self-citationBoyle, M. J., Yamaguchi, E., & Seaver, E. C. (2014) · EvoDevo · doi:10.1186/2041-9139-5-39 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“teleta, orthologs of NK2 homeobox genes are found in a sponge and two cnidarians [86-89], goosecoid is also found in a cnidarian [90], and both genes have been identified in the genomes of many bilaterians (see [51]) including ecdysozoans [48,49,53] spiralians [50,55,56] and chordates [45,47,52].”
BackgroundRiesgo, A., Pérez-Porro, A. R., Carmona, S., Leys, S. P., & Giribet, G. (2011) · Molecular Ecology Resources · doi:10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03097.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“…et al. 2009) and ⁄ or gene discovery, developmental biology, novelty acquisition analysis and functional genetics (e.g. Nichols et al. 2006; Adamska et al. 2007, 2010; Larroux et al. 2007; Sullivan et al. 2008; Funayama et al. 2010; Harcet et al. 2010; Rivera et al. 2011; Leys & Riesgo in press).”
BackgroundDid homeobox gene duplications contribute to the Cambrian explosion?
Holland, P. W. H. (2015) · Zoological Letters · doi:10.1186/s40851-014-0004-x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Sponges have several NK homeobox genes but not definite Hox or ParaHox genes [35], and it has been suggested that Hox and ParaHox genes were generated from an ancestral NK-like cluster by tandem gene duplication (Figure 1).”
BackgroundWhat sponges can tell us about the evolution of developmental processes
Adamska, M., Degnan, B. M., Green, K., & Zwafink, C. (2011) · Zoology · doi:10.1016/j.zool.2010.10.003 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Ereskovsky, A. V., Renard, E., & Borchiellini, C. (2012) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-012-0399-3 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“…is available for sponges, the initial data demonstrate that these developmental gene toolkits play a role in sponge development and morphogenesis (Larroux et al. 2006, 2007, 2008; Adamska et al. 2007a, b, 2010, 2011; Fahey et al. 2008; Gauthier and Degnan 2008; Gazave et al. 2008; Degnan et al.…”
BackgroundGauthier, M., & Degnan, B. M. (2008) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-007-0197-5 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“queenslandica traces were assembled using an in-house assembly pipeline (Larroux et al. 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialExtensive Chordate and Annelid Macrosynteny Reveals Ancestral Homeobox Gene Organization
Hui, J. H. L., McDougall, C., Monteiro, A. S., Holland, P. W. H., Arendt, D., Balavoine, G., & Ferrier, D. E. K. (2011) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msr175 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Note the relative timing of the duplications to generate the full complement of ProtoHox, HoxL, NK, and NKL genes is still debated and some components may well have arisen before others (e.g., NK expansion before Hox; Larroux et al. 2007).”
BackgroundShippy, T. D., Ronshaugen, M., Cande, J., He, J.-P., Beeman, R. W., Levine, M., Brown, S. J., & Denell, R. E. (2008) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-008-0213-4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Hox clusters arose near the origins of the animal kingdom (Larroux et al. 2007; Ryan et al. 2007).”
BackgroundHox, Wnt, and the evolution of the primary body axis: insights from the early-divergent phyla
Ryan, J. F., & Baxevanis, A. D. (2007) · Biology Direct · doi:10.1186/1745-6150-2-37 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Evidence from the sequenced genome of the demosponge Amphimedon suggests that Hox genes emerged after the metazoan crown ancestor [33].”
BackgroundDLX Genes: Roles in Development and Cancer
Tan, Y., & Testa, J. R. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13123005 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“This gene group was fundamental to the origin of metazoan life on earth [91].”
BackgroundConaco, C., Neveu, P. A., Zhou, H., Arcila, M. L., Degnan, B. M., Degnan, B. M., & Kosik, K. S. (2012) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-209 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Transcription factors, G-protein coupled receptors, and kinase genes were obtained from previous studies [23,56,57].”
MethodDunlap, W. C., Starčević, A., Baranas̆ić, D., Diminić, J., Žučko, J., Gaćeša, R., van Oppen, M. J. H., Hranueli, D., Cullum, J., & Long, P. F. (2013) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-509 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Hox genes are well characterised in cnidarians and, given their importance in embryonic development, it is not surprising that molecular evidence from the Cnidaria reveal that the genetic origins of Hox genes predate the cnidarian-bilaterian divergence [83-85] yet had evolved after divergence of the sponge and eumetaz…”
BackgroundHox gene expression in postmetamorphic juveniles of the brachiopod Terebratalia transversa
Gąsiorowski, L., & Hejnol, A. (2019) · EvoDevo · doi:10.1186/s13227-018-0114-1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Ghost Loci Imply Hox and ParaHox Existence in the Last Common Ancestor of Animals
Ramos, O. M., Barker, D., & Ferrier, D. E. K. (2012) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.08.023 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Demosponge EST Sequencing Reveals a Complex Genetic Toolkit of the Simplest Metazoans
Harcet, M., Roller, M., Ćetković, H., Perina, D., Wiens, M., Müller, W. E. G., & Vlahoviček, K. (2010) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msq174 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“The recent availability of raw sequencing reads from the Amphimedon queenslandica sequencing project provided evidence for the existence of even more genes in sponges—most notably the homeobox (Wiens, Batel et al. 2003; Wiens, Mangoni et al. 2003; Larroux et al. 2007), Wnt (Adamska et al.”
BackgroundMazza, M. E., Pang, K., Reitzel, A. M., Martindale, M. Q., & Finnerty, J. R. (2010) · EvoDevo · doi:10.1186/2041-9139-1-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Background Gene clusters have been crucially important in the evolution of animals because close physical linkage affects genetic recombination, molecular evolution and gene regulation [1-7].”
BackgroundZhong, Y., & Holland, P. W. (2011) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-169 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Homeobox genes are found across eukaryotes but are most diverse in animal genomes, following an evolutionary expansion of this group of genes in the early evolution of Metazoa [2].”
BackgroundStachowiak, M. K., & Stachowiak, E. K. (2016) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.25298 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“But how can a single gene exert such global pan-ontogenic function?”
BackgroundHrycaj, S., & Wellik, D. M. (2016) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.7663.1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ferrier, D. E. K. (2016) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00036 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Urbilaterian Super-Hox cluster
Butts, T., Holland, P. W. H., & Ferrier, D. E. K. (2008) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2007.09.006 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hydra Regeneration
Reddy, P. C., Gungi, A., & Unni, M. (2019) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_12 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Wnt signalling is thought to predate the “Hox patterning system” and is possibly therefore the original symmetry breaking mechanism and primary axis organizer (Larroux et al. 2007; Martindale 2005).”
BackgroundThe Early ANTP Gene Repertoire: Insights from the Placozoan Genome
Schierwater, B., Kamm, K., Srivastava, M., Rokhsar, D. S., Rosengarten, R. D., & Dellaporta, S. L. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002457 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Furthermore Amphimedon has the smallest ANTP-class gene repertoire with 8 (all NK related) genes [16], while Trichoplax harbors 14 and Nematostella close to 80 ANTP class genes [13].”
BackgroundInfluentialOlson, P. D. (2007) · Parasitology International · doi:10.1016/j.parint.2007.09.007 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“[21] surveyed the complete genome of a demosponge, finding only a cluster of NK-type genes among the ANTP-like homeoboxes.”
BackgroundCande, J., Chopra, V. S., & Levine, M. (2009) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.038034 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“…in insect heart D E V E LO P M E N T 3156 Drosophila and Tribolium are sister groups, whereas Apis is the outgroup of this comparison (Savard et al., 2006), and the gene duplication event that gave rise to ladybird and C15 occurred before the protostome/deuterostome split (Larroux et al., 2007).”
BackgroundComparative genomics of Lbx loci reveals conservation of identical Lbx ohnologs in bony vertebrates
Wotton, K. R., Weierud, F. K., Dietrich, S., & Lewis, K. E. (2008) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-171 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Indeed, the NK gene cluster is believed to be ancient, with aspects predating the divergence of sponges, cnidarians and bilaterians [5].”
BackgroundEvolutionary Insights from Sponges
Taylor, M. W., THACKER, R. W., & Hentschel, U. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1144387 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Takahashi, T., McDougall, C., Troscianko, J. T., Chen, W.-C., Jayaraman-Nagarajan, A., Shimeld, S. M., & Ferrier, D. E. K. (2009) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-240 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Several recent whole genome scale studies [6,7,38] suggest that ancient animal genomes may have been more complicated than originally thought, with previous misconceptions arising from limited taxon sampling that was largely restricted to a small handful of (often derived) model organisms.”
BackgroundResultUnderstanding Animal Evolution: The Added Value of Sponge Transcriptomics and Genomics
Renard, E., Leys, S. P., Wörheide, G., & Borchiellini, C. (2018) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201700237 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Cryptic complexity captured: the Nematostella genome reveals its secrets
Miller, D. J., & Ball, E. E. (2007) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2007.10.002 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Poriferan ANTP genes: primitively simple or secondarily reduced?
Peterson, K. J., & Sperling, E. A. (2007) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2007.00179.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“More specifically, the presence/absence pattern of NK genes in demosponges would seem to demand, according to the hypothesis of Larroux et al. (2007), that the Hox family was derived from the eumetazoan Msx gene, given that this is the only near relative found in the demosponge (see Fig.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialNewman, S. A., Bhat, R., & Mezentseva, N. V. (2009) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-009-0074-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“The NK family appears to have arisen in the last common ancestor of sponges (the most primitive metazoans) and eumetazoa (cnidarians and bilaterians) after the spongeeumetazoan divergence (Larroux et al. 2007, 2008), while an eye-pathway related Pax gene is present even in sponges (Kozmik 2008).”
BackgroundFinnerty, J. R., Mazza, M. E., & Jezewski, P. A. (2009) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-18 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“This possibility is suggested by the presence of Msx, Emx, Tlx, and NK genes and the absence of true Hox and ParaHox genes in the sponges [8].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNK homeobox genes with choanocyte-specific expression in homoscleromorph sponges
Gazave, E., Lapébie, P., Renard, E., Bézac, C., Boury-Esnault, N., Vacelet, J., Pérez, T., Manuel, M., & Borchiellini, C. (2008) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-008-0242-z · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“The various families of ANTP genes, distributed into four subclasses (Hox, Parahox, EHGbox, and NKL; Larroux et al. 2007), are found in the three major clades of Bilateria (deuterostomes, lophotrochozoans, and ecdysozoans) and with a few exceptions, they are also present in cnidarian genomes (Chourrout et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialMore constraint on ParaHox than Hox gene families in early metazoan evolution
Quiquand, M., Yanze, N., Schmich, J., Schmid, V. J., Galliot, B., & Piraino, S. (2009) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.01.022 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Being likely absent from poriferans (Larroux et al., 2007), we assume that H/P genes arose early in eumetazoan evolution to be recruited into regulatory networks that allowed the differentiation of more complex anatomies.”
BackgroundInfluentialDegnan, B. M., Adamska, M., Richards, G. S., Larroux, C., Leininger, S., Bergum, B., Calcino, A., Taylor, K., Nakanishi, N., & Degnan, B. M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1862-7_4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationEvolution of the Spider Homeobox Gene Repertoire by Tandem and Whole Genome Duplication
Aase-Remedios, M. E., Janßen, R., Leite, D. J., Sumner‐Rooney, L. H., & McGregor, A. P. (2023) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msad239 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Evo-devo of non-bilaterian animals
Lanna, E. (2015) · Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1590/s1415-475738320150005 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Larroux et al. (2007) found different genes belonging to the NKL cluster in Amphimedon, but no Hox or ParaHox genes, which made them suggest that the NKL cluster pre-dated the appearance of the other ANTP clusters in metazoans.”
BackgroundThe origins of developmental gene regulation
Arenas‐Mena, C. (2017) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/ede.12217 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“, that are typical of eumetazoan development, in agreement with the general lack of sponge othologous genes involved in these regionalizations (Larroux et al. 2007; Leininger et al. 2014; Riesgo et al. 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialSponges as models to study emergence of complex animals
Adamska, M. (2016) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.026 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“One of the first steps of eumetazoan development is segregation of germ layers, which is regulated by the highly conserved endomesoderm specification network including bcatenin, TCF, Brachyury, Otx, FoxA, Blimp and GATA genes, although position of some of these components within the network differs between bilaterians…”
BackgroundTreffkorn, S., Kahnke, L., Hering, L., & Mayer, G. (2018) · EvoDevo · doi:10.1186/s13227-018-0105-2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Fortunato, S. A. V., Adamski, M., & Adamska, M. (2015) · Marine Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.margen.2015.07.008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Brauchle, M., Bilican, A., Eyer, C., Bailly, X., Martı́nez, P., Ladurner, P., Bruggmann, R., & Sprecher, S. G. (2018) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evy170 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Degnan, B. M., Adamska, M., Craigie, A., Degnan, B. M., Fahey, B., Gauthier, M., Hooper, J. N. A., Larroux, C., Leys, S. P., Lovas, E. M., et al. (2008) · Cold Spring Harbor Protocols · doi:10.1101/pdb.emo108 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Amphimedon development and developmental gene structure and expression have been studied extensively (Leys and Degnan 2001, 2002; Degnan et al. 2005; Larroux et al. 2006, 2007, 2008a; Adamska et al. 2007a,b; Sakarya et al. 2007; Fahey et al. 2008; Gauthier and Degnan 2008a,b).”
Self-citationThe Holo-Transcriptome of a Calcified Early Branching Metazoan
Germer, J., Cerveau, N., & Jackson, D. J. (2017) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00081 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Due to the lack of Hox and ParaHox genes in both Amphimedon and the ctenophoreMnemiopsis leidyi the origin of Hox and ParaHox genes have been proposed to have occurred after the divergences of sponges and ctenophores from all other animals (Larroux et al., 2007; Ryan et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialHox and ParaHox genes: A review on molluscs
Biscotti, M. A., Canapa, A., Forconi, M., & Barucca, M. (2014) · genesis · doi:10.1002/dvg.22839 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The compact genome of the sponge Oopsacas minuta (Hexactinellida) is lacking key metazoan core genes
Santini, S., Schenkelaars, Q., Jourda, C., Duschene, M., Belahbib, H., Rocher, C., Selva, M., Riesgo, A., Vervoort, M., Leys, S. P., et al. (2023) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-023-01619-w · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Context-dependent regulation of Hox protein functions by CK2 phosphorylation sites
Taghli-Lamallem, O., Hsia, C. C., Ronshaugen, M., & McGinnis, W. J. (2008) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-008-0224-1 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Diversity of human and mouse homeobox gene expression in development and adult tissues
Dunwell, T. L., & Holland, P. W. H. (2016) · BMC Developmental Biology · doi:10.1186/s12861-016-0140-y · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“It is notable that ANTP, PRD, LIM and POU classes (and the SINE class) have been considered metazoanspecific [35], consistent with a model in which homeobox genes were recruited for spatial patterning specifically in metazoan evolution.”
BackgroundConservation of gene linkage in dispersed vertebrate NK homeobox clusters
Wotton, K. R., Weierud, F. K., Juárez‐Morales, J. L., Alvares, L. E., Dietrich, S., & Lewis, K. E. (2009) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-009-0311-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Three NK6 paralogs were identified, Nkx6.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNever Ending Analysis of a Century Old Evolutionary Debate: “Unringing” the Urmetazoon Bell
Schierwater, B., Holland, P. W. H., Miller, D. J., Stadler, P. F., Wiegmann, B. M., Wörheide, G., Wray, G. A., & DeSalle, R. (2016) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00005 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Fahey, B., Larroux, C., Woodcroft, B. J., & Degnan, B. M. (2008) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/25470664 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationCell contractility in early animal evolution
Brunet, T. (2023) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.054 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Pastrana, C. C., DeBiasse, M. B., & Ryan, J. F. (2019) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evz052 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“11(4):1250–1257. doi:10.1093/gbe/evz052 Advance Access publication March 11, 2019 determine the true phylogeny (Penny et al. 1992).”
BackgroundInfluentialKoziol, U., Lalanne, A. I., & Castillo, E. (2009) · Biochemical Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10528-008-9210-6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Hox genes are found in all metazoan phyla except poriferans (Larroux et al. 2007).”
BackgroundSomatic muscle development in Sepia officinalis (cephalopoda ‐ mollusca): A new role for NK4
Navet, S., Bassaglia, Y., Baratte, S., Martin, M., & Bonnaud, L. (2008) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.21614 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“This gene belongs to the NK gene cluster, which is probably the most ancient homeobox gene cluster, dating at least from the base of Metazoa (Larroux et al., 2007), and NK4 gene homologues have been identified in numerous species (Harvey, 1996; Elliott et al.”
BackgroundFerrier, D. E. K. (2010) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6673-5_6 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Larroux, C., Fahey, B., Degnan, S. M., Adamski, M., Rokhsar, D. S., & Degnan, B. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Joint Genome Institute (US)
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 706-710
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998231969
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 9.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2299 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Keywords
- ParaHox genes, gene cluster evolution, sponge evolution, Amphimedon queenslandica, last common ancestor, animal evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cnidaria, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Genes, Homeobox, Multigene Family, Invertebrates, Porifera, Genome, DNA, Complementary, Evolution, Molecular, Gastropoda, Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein
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