Cited by 196Marine Invertebrate Physiology and EcologyDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationProtist diversity and phylogeny

The Genomic and Cellular Foundations of Animal Origins

Richter, Daniel J., King, Nicole·2013·Annual Review of Genetics

Abstract

The first animals arose more than six hundred million years ago, yet they left little impression in the fossil record. Nonetheless, the cell biology and genome composition of the first animal, the Urmetazoan, can be reconstructed through the study of phylogenetically relevant living organisms. Comparisons among animals and their unicellular and colonial relatives reveal that the Urmetazoan likely possessed a layer of epithelium-like collar cells, preyed on bacteria, reproduced by sperm and egg, and developed through cell division, cell differentiation, and invagination. Although many genes involved in development, body patterning, immunity, and cell-type specification evolved in the animal stem lineage or after animal origins, several gene families critical for cell adhesion, signaling, and gene regulation predate the origin of animals. The ancestral functions of these and other genes may eventually be revealed through studies of gene and genome function in early-branching animals and their closest non-animal relatives.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-genet-111212-133456

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  • The genetic tools described in this study enable functional investigation of the ancestral molecular toolkit involved in early animal body plan diversification.

    “While sequencing projects have produced an abundance of information about the genomic foundations of animal evolution 32 , emerging genetic tools of the kind described herein now permit functional interrogation of the ancestral molecular toolkit employed in the diversification of early animal body plans.”

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Authors
Richter, D. J., & King, N.
Affiliations
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Genetics
Published
2013-11-23
Volume
47
Issue
1
Pages
509-537
ISSN
  • 0066-4197 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-2948
OpenAlex
W2160011794
Cited by
196
References
196
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16
FWCI
2.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Genetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM099533, R01GM089977)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protist diversity and phylogeny
Keywords
origin of animals, cell adhesion genes, signaling genes, gene expression regulation, cell differentiation, invagination, gene family evolution, body patterning, immunity genes
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Adhesion, Cnidaria, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Genes, Phylogeny, Porifera, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Structure-Activity Relationship, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Genome, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Ctenophora, Eukaryota, Choanoflagellata, Gene-Environment Interaction

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