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The Origin and Diversification of Mitochondria
Open accessAbstract
Mitochondria are best known for their role in the generation of ATP by aerobic respiration. Yet, research in the past half century has shown that they perform a much larger suite of functions and that these functions can vary substantially among diverse eukaryotic lineages. Despite this diversity, all mitochondria derive from a common ancestral organelle that originated from the integration of an endosymbiotic alphaproteobacterium into a host cell related to Asgard Archaea. The transition from endosymbiotic bacterium to permanent organelle entailed a massive number of evolutionary changes including the origins of hundreds of new genes and a protein import system, insertion of membrane transporters, integration of metabolism and reproduction, genome reduction, endosymbiotic gene transfer, lateral gene transfer and the retargeting of proteins. These changes occurred incrementally as the endosymbiont and the host became integrated. Although many insights into this transition have been gained, controversy persists regarding the nature of the original endosymbiont, its initial interactions with the host and the timing of its integration relative to the origin of other features of eukaryote cells. Since the establishment of the organelle, proteins have been gained, lost, transferred and retargeted as mitochondria have specialized into the spectrum of functional types seen across the eukaryotic tree of life.
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Adesse, D., Gladulich, L., Alvarez-Rosa, L., Siqueira, M., Marcos, A. C., Heider, M., Motta, C. S., Torices, S., Toborek, M. J., & Stipursky, J. (2022) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-022-00357-5 · Cited by 30
Alosaimy, S., Rybak, M. J., & Sakoulas, G. (2023) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00432-2 · Cited by 28
Naik, R. A., Mir, M. N., Malik, I. A., Bhardwaj, R., Alshabrmi, F. M., Mahmoud, M. A., Alhomrani, M., Alamri, A. S., Alsanie, W. F., Hjazi, A. M., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/fbl25551 · Cited by 29
Fe–S cluster assembly in the supergroup Excavata
Peña‐Diaz, P., & Lukeš, J. (2018) · JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00775-018-1556-6 · Cited by 28
“One of the prevalent differences observed between the few above-mentioned species and the Opisthokonta model 1 3 species is the absence of Isd11 in organisms bearing ISC.”
InfluentialMitochondrial Genome Evolution in Pelagophyte Algae
Sibbald, S. J., Lawton, M., & Archibald, J. M. (2021) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evab018 · Cited by 28
Out of our skull, in our skin: the Microbiota-Gut-Brain axis and the Extended Cognition Thesis
Boem, F., Ferretti, G., & Caiani, S. Z. (2021) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-021-09790-6 · Cited by 30
The long non-coding RNA SAMMSON is essential for uveal melanoma cell survival
Dewaele, S., Delhaye, L., Paepe, B. D., de Bony, E. J., Wilde, J. D., Vanderheyden, K., Anckaert, J., Yigit, N., Nuytens, J., Eynde, E. V., et al. (2021) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-021-02006-x · Cited by 28
“To assess if inhibition of mitochondrial translation using bacteriostatic antibiotics of the tetracyclines family(21-24) can phenocopy SAMMSON knockdown, we treated 92.”
Hang, W., Shu, H., Zheng, W., Liu, J., Jin, Z., Shi, Z., Chen, C., & Wang, D. W. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.636204 · Cited by 29
“NAC Protected Mitochondria Function via Maintaining Mitochondria Homeostasis It is well accepted that mitochondrion is a highly dynamic organelle and undergoes persistent mitochondria biogenesis, which refers to mitochondrion newborn, as well as mitophagy, which refers to mitochondrion clearance (Roger et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSheep in wolves’ clothing: Temperate T7-like bacteriophages and the origins of the Autographiviridae
Boeckman, J. X., Korn, A. M., Yao, G. W., Ravindran, A., Gonzalez, C. F., & Gill, J. J. (2022) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2022.01.013 · Cited by 26
Lei, L., & Burton, Z. F. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12020252 · Cited by 27
“Evolution of the mitochondria from a derived bacterial endosymbiont is fundamental to understand evolution of Eukarya [7-10].”
BackgroundYap is essential for uterine decidualization through Rrm2/GSH/ROS pathway in response to Bmp2
Yu, H., Yang, Z., Xu, M.-Y., Huang, J., Yue, Z., & Guo, B. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.67756 · Cited by 28
“Mitochondria are necessary to maintain cellular function by orchestrating energy production [24,25].”
BackgroundHomologue replacement in the import motor of the mitochondrial inner membrane of trypanosomes
von Känel, C., Muñoz-Gómez, S. A., Oeljeklaus, S., Wenger, C., Warscheid, B., Wideman, J. G., Harsman, A., & Schneider, A. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.52560 · Cited by 25
“Previous work has shown that LECA most likely already had both, TIM23 and TIM22 complexes (Fukasawa et al., 2017; Žárský and Doležal, 2016; Pyrihová et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationOn the origin of the nucleus: a hypothesis
Baum, B., & Spang, A. (2023) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00186-21 · Cited by 27
“While these findings support the hypothesis that eukaryotes emerged from a partnership between at least one alphaproteobacterial ancestor (85), which gave rise to the mitochondria, and an asgardarchaeotal partner (78) (see Fig.”
BackgroundRole of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney disease: Insights from the cGAS-STING signaling pathway
Li, L., Liu, F., Feng, C., Chen, Z., Zhang, N., & Mao, J. (2024) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000003022 · Cited by 28
The eukaryotic ancestor shapes up
Eme, L., & Ettema, T. J. G. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-018-06868-2 · Cited by 28
Horváthová, L., Žárský, V., Pánek, T., Derelle, R., Pyrih, J., Motyčková, A., Klápšťová, V., Vinopalová, M., Marková, L., Voleman, L., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23046-7 · Cited by 29
Duroux-Richard, I., Apparailly, F., & Khoury, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.738140 · Cited by 28
“Beyond the fateful endosymbiosis theory (Gray et al., 1999; Roger et al., 2017), mitochondria are multitasking, highly dynamic organelles that continually adjust their morphology, function, number and even their cellular host, in response to metabolic needs and environmental changes (Caicedo et al.”
BackgroundMitochondrial metabolic determinants of multiple myeloma growth, survival, and therapy efficacy
Nair, R., Gupta, P., & Shanmugam, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1000106 · Cited by 29
“Mitochondria evolved from an ancestral organelle that originated upon the integration of an endosymbiotic bacterium with a host single cell prokaryote Archaea (40).”
BackgroundZhang, W., Wan, Z., Qu, D., Sun, W., Zhang, L., Liang, Y., Pan, L., Jiang, H., Ye, Z., Wei, M., et al. (2023) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.019 · Cited by 26
“As the cell powerhouse, mitochondria play an essential role in the regulation of signaling, metabolism, and cell death [3].”
BackgroundTeixeira, P., Galland, R., & Chevrollier, A. (2024) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.01.006 · Cited by 28
Initiation Factor 3 is Dispensable For Mitochondrial Translation in Cultured Human Cells
Chicherin, I., Baleva, M. V., Левицкий, С. А., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64139-5 · Cited by 26
Dhorne‐Pollet, S., Barrey, É., & Pollet, N. (2020) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-020-07183-9 · Cited by 26
Mitochondria-targeted cancer therapy based on functional peptides
Sun, Y., Zhang, H., Lu, G., Wang, H., Lü, Y., & Fan, L. (2022) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107817 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Roger, A. J., Muñoz-Gómez, S. A., & Kamikawa, R.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Roger, Andrew J.
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- R1177-R1192
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2767078779
- Semantic Scholar
- 7bb03e08dc50f88f426d6ec3ad173e496c036fb5
- Cited by
- 1,142
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 124 · 2025: 141 · 2024: 164 · 2023: 172 · 2022: 165 · 2021: 162 · 2020: 113 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 5.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15H05606, 15K14591)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- mitochondrial origin, endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria, Alphaproteobacteria, Asgard archaea, endosymbiotic gene transfer, horizontal gene transfer, membrane transporters, eukaryotic evolution, aerobic respiration
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Eukaryotic Cells, Biological Evolution, Mitochondria, Symbiosis, Alphaproteobacteria, Protein Transport, Membrane Transport Proteins, Genome, Mitochondrial
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