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Adsorption-type aluminium-based direct lithium extraction: The effect of heat, salinity and lithium content
Open accessAbstract
Conventional lithium production through solar evaporation is considered a time-consuming procedure, taking a substantial 12 to 18 months with significant environmental impacts such as aquifer depletion and damaging the basin's complex hydrological system. Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) has emerged as a promising alternative for lithium extraction from brines, offering reduced environmental impact. Although adsorption-type DLE with aluminium-based adsorbents is the sole commercial technology of DLE, a debate persists concerning its Technology Readiness Level (TRL), which challenges the prevailing notion that adsorption-type DLE undeniably reaches a TRL of 9. Within this narrative, we propose that adsorption is capable of attaining its highest potential TRL in lithium recovery from brines when three critical conditions are met: the presence of a certain level of salinity, a minimum lithium content in the brine, and a heat source to heat up the brine. In this account, an attempt has been made to elucidate the role of these three minimum criteria during adsorption-type DLE.
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“The increased temperature in the DLE column is often reported in more recent literature and thus used in our recent study.33,35,85”
From Current and Future Impacts of Lithium Carbonate from Brines: A Global Regionalized Life Cycle Assessment Model (2025) · cites this paper as [85]
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“DLE methods, serving as an alternative to the slow solar evaporation process, include ion exchange [18], adsorption [19,20], solvent extraction [21], membrane separation [22], and electrochemical techniques [23,24].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Boroumand, Y., & Razmjou, A.
- Affiliations
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Razmjou, Amir
- ORCID
- Razmjou, Amir
- Venue
- Desalination
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-05
- Volume
- 577
- Pages
- 117406
- ISSN
- 0011-9164 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4391486142
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 19
- FWCI
- 14.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Desalination (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Australasian Journal of Paramedicine (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Metals and Alloys › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Adsorption and Cooling Systems
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques
- Keywords
- direct lithium extraction, lithium recovery from brine, solar evaporation, salinity, heat source, technology readiness level, lithium production
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