Towards a low-carbon society: A review of lithium resource availability, challenges and innovations in mining, extraction and recycling, and future perspectives

Tabelin, Carlito Baltazar; Dallas, Jessica; Casanova, Sophia; Pelech, Timothy; Bournival, Ghislain; Saydam, Serkan; Canbulat, Ismet

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106743

Cited by 533Extraction and Separation ProcessesGeochemistry and Elemental AnalysisMining and Resource Management

Towards a low-carbon society: A review of lithium resource availability, challenges and innovations in mining, extraction and recycling, and future perspectives

Tabelin, Carlito Baltazar, Dallas, Jessica, Casanova, Sophia, Pelech, Timothy, Bournival, Ghislain, Saydam, Serkan, Canbulat, Ismet·2021·Minerals Engineering

DOI 10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106743

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Open-pit lithium mining currently accounts for more than half the world's production.
“Open-pit lithium mining currently accounts for more than half the world's production (Tabelin et al., 2021).”
From Lithium and water: Hydrosocial impacts across the life cycle of energy storage (2024) · cites this paper as Tabelin et al., 2021
About 25% of EV production emissions come from mining to cathode production, 40% from cell production, and 35% from pack production.
“Multiple sources report a range of values for the carbon intensity of EV production [99,105-109]. However, they mostly have the same magnitude and coalesce around 140 kg CO2/kWh, with about 25% of emissions coming from mining to cathode production, 40% from cell production, and the remaining 35% from pack production.”
From Lithium Supply Chain Optimization: A Global Analysis of Critical Minerals for Batteries (2024) · cites this paper as [106]
The carbon intensity of EV production coalesces around 140 kg CO2/kWh.
“Multiple sources report a range of values for the carbon intensity of EV production [99,105-109]. However, they mostly have the same magnitude and coalesce around 140 kg CO2/kWh, with about 25% of emissions coming from mining to cathode production, 40% from cell production, and the remaining 35% from pack production.”
From Lithium Supply Chain Optimization: A Global Analysis of Critical Minerals for Batteries (2024) · cites this paper as [106]

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Authors: Tabelin, C. B., Dallas, J., Casanova, S., Pelech, T., Bournival, G., Saydam, S., & Canbulat, I.
Affiliations: UNSW Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author: Tabelin, Carlito Baltazar
ORCID: Tabelin, Carlito Baltazar
Dallas, Jessica
Casanova, Sophia
Bournival, Ghislain
Saydam, Serkan
Canbulat, Ismet
Venue: Minerals Engineering
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-03
Volume: 163
Pages: 106743
ISSN: 0892-6875 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106743
OpenAlex: W3128488908
Cited by: 533
References: 243
Citations by year: 2026: 83 · 2025: 161 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 22
FWCI: 30.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Minerals Engineering (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Mining and Resource Management
Keywords: lithium, lithium mining, lithium recovery, lithium recycling, lithium-ion batteries, electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, low-carbon society, ferromanganese nodules, desalination brine, geothermal brine, coal fly ash, mining waste, space mining, material flow

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