Personal continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetes management: Review of the literature and implementation for practical use

Joubert, M.; Reznik, Y.

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.12.010

Cited by 70Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Management and EducationDiabetes Treatment and Management

Personal continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetes management: Review of the literature and implementation for practical use

Joubert, M., Reznik, Y.·2012·Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

DOI 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.12.010

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Aim Despite recent advances in diabetes therapy including the new long- and rapid-insulin analogs, insulin intensification strategies such as basal/bolus or pump therapy and sophisticated methods for insulin titration derived from the principles of functional insulin therapy, many patients fail to reach or maintain target glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values, putting them at increased risk for vascular complications. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems represent an important advance in diabetes technology that can facilitate optimal glucose control in type 1 diabetes.Method This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of CGM systems in diabetes management. The different CGM devices available are also described, as the way to use them and the educational approach to the patient in a step-by-step progression toward optimal glycemic control.Results In type 1 diabetes, CGM systems are associated with 0.5-1% reduction in HbA1c without increased risk of hypoglycemia. CGM efficacy correlates with compliance to sensor wear, whatever the patient's age range.Conclusion Efficacy of CGM systems is now proven but indications, terms of use and educational issues of this new technology still need to be specified.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.12.010

Cites

48 of 48 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Type 2 diabetes requires constant monitoring and management due to the mechanism of the disease and its implications on the body's energy expenditure.
“Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a condition that requires constant monitoring and management due to the mechanism of the disease and its implications on the body’s energy expenditure2.”
From Impact of digital health interventions on glycemic control and weight management. (2025) · cites this paper as [2]

The Effect of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes on the Development and Progression of Long-Term Complications in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
(1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199309303291401 · Cited by 24,667 · see citing works
Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients.
Van den Berghe, G., Wouters, P., Weekers, F., Verwaest, C., Bruyninckx, F., Schetz, M., Vlasselaers, D., Ferdinande, P., Lauwers, P., & Bouillon, R. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011300 · Cited by 9,977 · see citing works
Intensive versus Conventional Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients
(2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0810625 · Cited by 5,119 · see citing works
Comment on: American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2011. Diabetes Care 2011;34(Suppl. 1):S11–S61
Basevi, V., Mario, S. D., Morciano, C., Nonino, F., & Magrini, N. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-0174 · Cited by 3,058 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2011
American Diabetes Association (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-s011 · Cited by 2,880 · see citing works
Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
(1994) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(94)70190-3 · Cited by 1,654 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes
(2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0805017 · Cited by 1,559 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Sensor-Augmented Insulin-Pump Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes
Bergenstal, R. M., Tamborlane, W. V., Ahmann, A., Buse, J. B., Dailey, G., Davis, S. N., Joyce, C., Peoples, T., Perkins, B. A., Welsh, J. B., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1002853 · Cited by 894 · see citing works
Severe hypoglycemia in critically ill patients: risk factors and outcomes
Krinsley, J. S., & Grover, A. (2007) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000282073.98414.4b · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes during real time continuous glucose monitoring compared with self monitoring of blood glucose: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials using individual patient data
Pickup, J. C., Freeman, S. C., & Sutton, A. J. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d3805 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Improved Glycemic Control in Poorly Controlled Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Using Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Deiss, D., Bolinder, J., Riveline, J.-P., Battelino, T., Bosi, E., Tubiana-Rufi, N., Kerr, D., & Phillip, M. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1134 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
Battelino, T., Phillip, M., Bratina, N., Nimri, R., Oskarsson, P., & Bolinder, J. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1989 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetic Pregnancies
Jensen, D. M., Damm, P., Moelsted-Pedersen, L., Ovesen, P., Westergaard, J. G., Moeller, M., & Beck-Nielsen, H. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.12.2819 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Improvement in Glycemic Excursions With a Transcutaneous, Real-Time Continuous Glucose Sensor
Garg, S. K., Zisser, H., Schwartz, S. L., Bailey, T. S., Kaplan, R. A., Ellis, S. L., & Jovanovič, L. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.01.06.dc05-1686 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Glucose Variability; Does It Matter?
Siegelaar, S. E., Holleman, F., Hoekstra, J. B. L., & DeVries, J. H. (2010) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2009-0021 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
The effect of continuous glucose monitoring in well-controlled type 1 diabetes
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0108 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Glycemic control in youth with diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Petitti, D. B., Klingensmith, G. J., Bell, R. A., Andrews, J. S., Dabelea, D., Imperatore, G., Marcovina, S., Pihoker, C., Standiford, D., Waitzfelder, B., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.05.025 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Poor pregnancy outcome in women with type 2 diabetes
Clausen, T. D., Mathiesen, E., Ekbom, P., Hellmuth, E., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., & Damm, P. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.2.323 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Sensor-Augmented Insulin Pump Therapy: Results of the First Randomized Treat-to-Target Study
Hirsch, I. B., Abelseth, J. M., Bode, B. W., Fischer, J. S., KAUFMAN, F. R., Mastrototaro, J. J., Parkin, C. G., Wolpert, H. A., & Buckingham, B. A. (2008) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2008.0068 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Factors Predictive of Use and of Benefit From Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 1 Diabetes
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0889 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Use of a real time continuous glucose monitoring system as a motivational device for poorly controlled type 2 diabetes
Yoo, H. J., An, H. G., Park, S. Y., Ryu, O. H., Kim, H. Y., Seo, J. A., Hong, E. G., Shin, D. H., Kim, Y. H., Kim, S. G., et al. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.06.015 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Incremental Value of Continuous Glucose Monitoring When Starting Pump Therapy in Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes
Raccah, D., Sulmont, V., Reznik, Y., Guerci, B., Renard, É., Hanaire, H. P., Jeandidier, N., & Nicolino, M. P. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0750 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Diagnosed Diabetes in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004
Ong, K. L., Cheung, B. M. Y., Wong, L. Y. F., Wat, N. M. S., Tan, K. C. B., & Lam, K. S. L. (2008) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.10.007 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Critically Ill Patients
Holzinger, U., Warszawska, J. M., Kitzberger, R., Wewalka, M., Miehsler, W., Herkner, H., & Madl, C. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1352 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Continuous glucose monitoring: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Klonoff, D. C., Buckingham, B., Christiansen, J. S., Montori, V. M., Tamborlane, W. V., Vigersky, R. A., & Wolpert, H. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2756 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Glycaemic impact of patient-led use of sensor-guided pump therapy in type 1 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial
O’Connell, M. A., Donath, S. M., O'Neal, D. N., Colman, P. G., Ambler, G. R., Jones, T. W., Davis, E. A., & Cameron, F. J. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1365-0 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Relating mean blood glucose and glucose variability to the risk of multiple episodes of hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes
Kilpatrick, E. S., Rigby, A. S., Goode, K. M., & Atkin, S. L. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0820-z · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Benefits and Risks of Tight Glucose Control in Critically Ill Adults: A Meta-analysis
Wiener, R. S., Wiener, D. C., & Larson, R. J. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.300.8.933 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
The effect of real-time continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ehrhardt, N. M., Chellappa, M., Walker, M. S., Fonda, S. J., & Vigersky, R. A. (2011) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681100500320 · Cited by 199 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[38] Ehrhardt NM, Chellappa M, Walker MS, Fonda SJ, Vigersky RA.”
Background
Continuous Subcutaneous Glucose Monitoring in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Chase, H. P., Kim, L. M., Owen, S. L., MacKenzie, T. A., KLINGENSMITH, G. J., Murtfeldt, R., & Garg, S. K. (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.107.2.222 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Alarms Based on Real-Time Sensor Glucose Values Alert Patients to Hypo- and Hyperglycemia: The Guardian Continuous Monitoring System
Bode, B. W., Gross, K. M., Rikalo, N., Schwartz, S. L., Wahl, T. O., Page, C. W., Gross, T. M., & Mastrototaro, J. J. (2004) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/152091504773731285 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Diurnal glycemic profile in obese and normal weight nondiabetic pregnant women
Yogev, Y., Ben-Haroush, A., Chen, R., Rosenn, B., Hod, M., & Langer, O. (2004) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.059 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Intensive Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group
Tamborlane, W. V., Bode, B. W., Buckingham, B. A., Chase, H. P., Clemons, R. D., Fox, L. A., Gilliam, L. K., Hirsch, I. B., Huang, E. S., Kollman, C., et al. (2008) · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Predictors of control of diabetes: monitoring may be the key
Haller, M. J., Stalvey, M. S., & Silverstein, J. H. (2004) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.12.042 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Audit on Stillbirths in Women With Pregestational Type 1 Diabetes
Lauenborg, J., Mathiesen, E. R., Ovesen, P., Westergaard, J. G., Ekbom, P., Mølsted‐Pedersen, L., & Damm, P. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.5.1385 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: 12-Month Follow-Up of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Randomized Trial
Chase, H. P., Beck, R. W., Xing, D., Tamborlane, W. V., Coffey, J., Fox, L. A., Ives, B., Keady, J., Kollman, C., Laffel, L. M., et al. (2010) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0021 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Prediction of Severe Hypoglycemia
Cox, D. J., Gonder-Frederick, L., Ritterband, L., Clarke, W., & Kovatchev, B. P. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1386 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Sensor-augmented pump therapy from the diagnosis of childhood type 1 diabetes: results of the Paediatric Onset Study (ONSET) after 12 months of treatment
Kordonouri, O., Pańkowska, E., Rami-Merhar, B. M., Kapellen, T. M., Coutant, R., Hartmann, R., Lange, K., Knip, M., & Danne, T. (2010) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1878-6 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Sustained Benefit of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on A1C, Glucose Profiles, and Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0846 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
A Randomized Multicenter Trial Comparing the GlucoWatch Biographer With Standard Glucose Monitoring in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Chase, H. P., Beck, R. W., Tamborlane, W. V., Buckingham, B. A., Mauras, N., Tsalikian, E., Wysocki, T., WEINZIMER, S. A., Kollman, C., Ruedy, K. J., et al. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1101 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Use of the DirecNet Applied Treatment Algorithm (DATA) for diabetes management with a real-time continuous glucose monitor (the FreeStyle Navigator)
Diabetes Research In Children Network (DirecNet) Study Group (2008) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00301.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Quality-of-Life Measures in Children and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0331 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Consensus Panel on Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Blevins, T. C., Bode, B. W., Garg, S. K., Grunberger, G., Hirsch, I. B., Jovanovič, L., Nardacci, E., Orzeck, E. A., Roberts, V. L., & Tamborlane, W. V. (2010) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.16.5.730 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Accuracy and reliability of a subcutaneous continuous glucose-monitoring system in critically ill patients*
Brunner, R., Kitzberger, R., Miehsler, W., Herkner, H., Madl, C., & Holzinger, U. (2011) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e318206bf2e · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Treatment Satisfaction and Quality of Life for an Integrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring/Insulin Pump System Compared to Self-Monitoring plus an Insulin Pump
Rubin, R. R., & Peyrot, M. F. (2009) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229680900300621 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Effect of Short-Term Use of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System with a Real-Time Glucose Display and a Low Glucose Alarm on Incidence and Duration of Hypoglycemia in a Home Setting in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Davey, R. J., Jones, T. W., & Fournier, P. A. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681000400620 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Incremental valúe of continuous glucose monitoring when starting pump therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes: the REALTREND Study
Raccah, D., Sulmont, V., Reznik, Y., Guerci, B., Renard, É., Hanaire, H. P., Jeandidier, N., & Nicolino, M. P. (2010) · Avances en Diabetología · doi:10.1016/s1134-3230(10)61016-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Algorithm Guiding Patient Responses to Real-Time-Continuous Glucose Monitoring Improves Quality of Life
Jenkins, A. J., Krishnamurthy, B., Best, J. D., Cameron, F. J., Colman, P. G., Hamblin, P. S., O’Connell, M. A., Rodda, C. P., Teede, H. J., & O'Neal, D. N. (2011) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0139 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Insulin-pump therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Pickup, J. C. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmct1113948 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
HbA <sub>1c</sub> level as a risk factor for retinopathy and nephropathy in children and adults with type 1 diabetes: Swedish population based cohort study
Lind, M., Pivodic, A., Svensson, A.-M., Ólafsdóttir, A. F., Wedel, H., & Ludvigsson, J. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l4894 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Modeling the glucose sensor error
Facchinetti, A., Del Favero, S., Sparacino, G., Castle, J. R., Ward, W. K., & Cobelli, C. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2013.2284023 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Model of glucose sensor error components: identification and assessment for new Dexcom G4 generation devices
Facchinetti, A., Del Favero, S., Sparacino, G., & Cobelli, C. (2015) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/s11517-014-1226-y · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Impact of digital health interventions on glycemic control and weight management.
Veluvali, A., Dehghani Zahedani, A., Hosseinian, A., Aghaeepour, N., McLaughlin, T., Woodward, M., DiTullio, A., Hashemi, N., & Snyder, M. P. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01430-7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Laboratory protocol and pilot results for dynamic interference testing of continuous glucose monitoring sensors
Pfützner, A., Jensch, H., Cardinal, C., Srikanthamoorthy, G., Riehn, E., & Thomé, N. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968221095573 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The Contemporary Role of Masked Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Real-Time World
Blumer, I. R. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296815619182 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Glycemic Variability and Hypoglycemic Excursions With Continuous Glucose Monitoring Compared to Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults With Highest Risk Type 1 Diabetes
Avari, P., Moscardó, V., Jugnee, N., Oliver, N. S., & Reddy, M. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296819867688 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Abstract #1042199: High Alert Settings in Continuous Glucose Monitoring are Associated with Time-in-Range and Hypoglycemia Duration
Osowik, F. A., Pantalone, K. M., & Beverly, E. A. (2021) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.04.611
Safety and Performance of Continuous Glucose Monitoring: An Overview
Venkatesan, V., & Singh, H. (2022) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573399818666220525111746 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Toward Automated Insulin Delivery
Bruttomesso, D. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme1912822 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Authors: Joubert, M., & Reznik, Y.
Affiliations: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie (FR)
ORCID: Joubert, M.
Reznik, Y.
Venue: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-06
Volume: 96
Issue: 3
Pages: 294-305
ISSN: 0168-8227 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.12.010
OpenAlex: W1993959942
Cited by: 70
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 0.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring, type 1 diabetes, glycemic control, HbA1c, hypoglycemia, patient education, diabetes technology, insulin therapy, functional insulin therapy
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Personal continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetes management: Review of the literature and implementation for practical use

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks