Contrasting the effects of microplastic types, concentrations and nutrient enrichment on freshwater communities and ecosystem functioning
Open accessAbstract
Microplastics are now ubiquitous in freshwater environments. As most previous research has focused on species-specific effects of microplastics under controlled laboratory conditions, little is known about the impact of microplastics at higher levels of ecological organisation, such as freshwater communities and their associated ecosystem functions. To fill this knowledge gap, an outdoor experiment using 40 freshwater mesocosms, each 1.57 m3, was used to determine the effects of (i) microplastic type: traditional oil-based high-density polyethylene versus bio-based biodegradable polylactic acid, (ii) concentration of microplastic particles and (iii) nutrient enrichment. The two concentrations of microplastics used were equivalent to measured environmentally occurring concentrations and concentrations known to cause toxicological effects under laboratory conditions. Freshwater communities are also at increasing risk from nutrient enrichment, which can alter community composition in favour of competitively dominant taxa. The independent and interactive effects of these treatments on pelagic community structure (phytoplankton standing stock, taxonomic richness, and composition) and ecosystem functioning (periphyton productivity and leaf litter decomposition) were assessed. Taxonomic richness and community composition were not affected by exposure to the experimental treatments and there were no significant treatment effects on phytoplankton standing stock, periphyton productivity, total or microbial leaf litter decomposition. Overall, multiple microplastic exposures, crossed with nutrient addition had little impact on the structure and functioning of semi-natural freshwater ecosystems. These findings indicate that the negative impacts of microplastics predicted from species-specific studies may not be readily realised at the ecosystem scale.
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Our exposures of 10 and 50 microplastics/L are slightly higher than the average concentration reported in lake water in nature but significantly lower than the majority of published laboratory studies and lower than those used in other mesocosm studies.
“Our exposures of 10 (low treatment) and 50 (high treatment) microplastics/L are slightly higher than the average concentration reported in lake water in nature but significantly lower than the majority of published laboratory studies (Bucci et al., 2020) and lower than those used in other mesocosm studies (Aljaibachi et al., 2020;Marchant et al., 2023;Yıldız et al., 2022).”
From No Effect of Realistic Concentrations of Polyester Microplastic Fibers on Freshwater Zooplankton Communities (2024) · cites this paper as Marchant et al., 2023
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“In addition, Marchant et al. (2023) reported that taxonomic richness and plankton community composition were not affected by polyethylene and polylactic acid fragment exposure.”
BackgroundResult
- Authors
- Marchant, D. J., Martínez Rodríguez, A., Francelle, P., Jones, J. I., & Kratina, P.
- Affiliations
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Marchant, Danielle J.
- Venue
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-04
- Volume
- 255
- Pages
- 114834
- ISSN
- 0147-6513 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4361027689
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 6
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- European Union
- European Regional Development Fund
- Interreg
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Keywords
- microplastics, freshwater ecosystems, nutrient enrichment, high-density polyethylene, polylactic acid, biodegradable plastics, microplastic concentration, phytoplankton, leaf litter decomposition, community structure, ecosystem functioning, mesocosm experiment, semi-natural ecosystems
- MeSH terms
- Microplastics, Fresh Water, Phytoplankton, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Ecosystem
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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