Cited by 195Microplastics and Plastic PollutionEnvironmental Toxicology and EcotoxicologyPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

Acute and chronic effects of polystyrene microplastics on juvenile and adult Daphnia magna

Eltemsah, Yehia Sayed, Bøhn, Thomas·2019·Environmental Pollution

Abstract

We investigate the distribution and effects of polystyrene microplastic (MP) particles in exposure experiments with the ecotoxicology model organism Daphnia magna. The aim was to investigate the short and long-term toxicity of MP at different concentrations. To achieve this goal, the effects of 6 μm commercially available polystyrene beads on two different life-stages of D. magna: < 24 h old juveniles and 9 days old adults was assessed. The following end points in test animals were measured: (1) survival, (2) growth, (3) individual and population fecundity, (4) age at maturation and (5) body size of newborn offspring. These response variables were followed in two acute and two chronic experiments. The acute experiments showed that MP is not acutely toxic to D. magna within 48 h, but cause added mortality within 120 h. The juveniles were about 50% more sensitive than the adults tested. In life-cycle experiments testing chronic exposure to MP, again, animals exposed as juveniles at relatively high concentrations, i.e. > 30 μg ml-1 showed higher sensitivity. We observed slightly increased mortality, reduced growth and stimulation of early reproduction at the cost of later reproduction. Animals exposed after reaching adulthood did not show increased mortality and showed a stimulation response with higher reproductive rates than the control group. However, both the growth rate of mother animals and the body size of newborn declined with increasing dose of MP. We conclude that these effects indicate a role of MP in mechanical interaction/interference with the animal on the level of feeding (clogging filtering functions), digestion (gut filled with plastic particles), and/or other animal behavior. The study also illustrates how MP with slow break-down rates may accumulate in the environment and enter the food-chain as obstructing non-food particles in filter-feeding organisms.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.087

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Authors
Eltemsah, Y. S., & Bøhn, T.
Affiliations
Norwegian Institute of Marine Research (NO)
Venue
Environmental Pollution
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-11
Volume
254
Issue
Pt A
Pages
112919
ISSN
0269-7491 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2963711721
Cited by
195
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 14
FWCI
5.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Environmental Pollution (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
GenØk—Centre for Biosafety
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Keywords
polystyrene microplastics, Daphnia magna, microplastic toxicity, juvenile sensitivity, life stage effects, acute toxicity, long-term exposure, fecundity, age at maturity, offspring body size, growth inhibition, trophic transfer, plastic accumulation
MeSH terms
Animals, Behavior, Animal, Daphnia, Plastics, Polystyrenes, Reproduction, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Toxicity Tests, Ecotoxicology

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