Diabetes mellitus and risk of pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis of cohort studies
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely considered to be associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (PaC), however, whether DM is a cause or a consequence of PaC is still controversial. We examined this association by conducting a detailed meta-analysis of cohort studies.Methods Studies were identified by searching Medline and Embase through November 30, 2010. Summary relative risks (RRs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model.Results A total of thirty-five cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. DM was associated with an increased risk of PaC (the summary RRs=1.94; 95% CI, 1.66-2.27), with significant evidence of heterogeneity among these studies (p<0.001, I²=93.6%). Subgroup analyses revealed that the increased risk of PaC was independent of geographic locations, sex, study design, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI) and smoking status. In addition, the relative risk of PaC was correlated negatively with the duration of DM, with the highest risk of PaC found among patients diagnosed within less than 1 year. There was no significant publication bias (p=0.136 for Egger's regression asymmetry test).Conclusions Findings from this meta-analysis strongly support that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of PaC in both males and females and that DM is both an early manifestation and an etiologic factor of pancreatic cancer.
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Modest risk groups have 3 to 6× higher risk (0.35%-66%).
“These cohorts have 3 to 6× higher risk (0.35%–66%). Depending on how NOD is studied or defined, some studies have reported risk in this range in NOD.63”
From Artificial Intelligence and Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: 2020 Summative Review (2021) · cites this paper as [63]
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- Authors
- Ben, Q., Xu, M., Ning, X., Liu, J., Hong, S., Huang, W., Zhang, H., & Li, Z.
- Affiliations
- Second Military Medical University (CN)
- Fudan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Zhaoshen
- Venue
- European Journal of Cancer
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1928-1937
- ISSN
- 0959-8049 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2079673038
- Cited by
- 685
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, pancreatic cancer, cancer risk, diabetes duration, alcohol consumption, body mass index, smoking, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies
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