Cited by 1,974Pancreatitis Pathology and TreatmentPancreatic and Hepatic Oncology ResearchGallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders

The Epidemiology of Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer

Open access
Yadav, Dhiraj, Lowenfels, Albert B.·2013·Gastroenterology

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal causes of hospital admission in the United States. Chronic pancreatitis, although lower in incidence, significantly reduces patients' quality of life. Pancreatic cancer is associated with a high mortality rate and is one of the top 5 causes of death from cancer. The burden of pancreatic disorders is expected to increase over time. The risk and etiology of pancreatitis differ with age and sex, and all pancreatic disorders affect the black population more than any other race. Gallstones are the most common cause of acute pancreatitis, and early cholecystectomy eliminates the risk of future attacks. Alcohol continues to be the single most important risk factor for chronic pancreatitis. Smoking is an independent risk factor for acute and chronic pancreatitis, and its effects could synergize with those of alcohol. Significant risk factors for pancreatic cancer include smoking and non-O blood groups. Alcohol abstinence and smoking cessation can alter the progression of pancreatitis and reduce recurrence; smoking cessation is the most effective strategy to reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068

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  • Preexisting acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cysts are associated with future development of PDAC.

    “Preexisting conditions such as acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cysts have been associated with the future development of PDAC179,196”

    From Artificial Intelligence and Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: 2020 Summative Review (2021) · cites this paper as [179]

    The “Other Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer—Chronic Pancreatitis” section reports an association between antecedent chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. The passages from our copy do not establish the claimed association for acute pancreatitis or pancreatic cysts. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Chronic pancreatitis, especially in those who develop diabetes with chronic pancreatitis, has the highest proportional risk of developing PDAC.

    “For example, chronic pancreatitis especially those who develop diabetes with chronic pancreatitis have the highest proportional risk of developing PDAC.178,179”

    From Artificial Intelligence and Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: 2020 Summative Review (2021) · cites this paper as [179]

    The “Chronic Pancreatitis” section (page unavailable) reports an elevated relative risk of pancreatic cancer among patients with chronic pancreatitis. The “Diabetes” section (page unavailable) separately reports increased risk among patients with diabetes, but the paper does not establish that patients who develop diabetes with chronic pancreatitis have the highest proportional risk. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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  • Standard abdominal CTs for the general population are fraught with missed diagnosis with standard approaches to interpretation.

    “Finally, standard abdominal CTs for the general population are fraught with missed diagnosis with standard approaches to interpretation,170”

    From Artificial Intelligence and Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: 2020 Summative Review (2021) · cites this paper as [170]

    The Descriptive Epidemiology section says that high-quality cross-sectional imaging may detect pancreatic changes, but it does not assess standard abdominal CT interpretation or missed diagnoses in the general population. Searches for CT, missed diagnoses, and imaging-based detection found no passage addressing the claim; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Some subjects who undergo abdominal CT for abdominal pain and have no visible cancer eventually develop PDAC within the next few years.

    “Although most scans do not show any signs of cancer visible to radiologists, some subjects eventually develop PDAC in the next few years.170”

    From Artificial Intelligence and Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: 2020 Summative Review (2021) · cites this paper as [170]

    The Chronic Pancreatitis section discusses pancreatic-cancer risk, and the Diabetes section describes cancer diagnoses following new-onset diabetes, but neither addresses people whose abdominal CT scans showed no visible cancer. Searches for CT scans, radiologic visibility, abdominal pain, and later cancer diagnosis found no passage supporting that sequence or its timeframe. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The pathogenesis is different for acute and chronic pancreatitis, but alcohol use has a significant impact on the pathophysiology of both and in the transition from acute to chronic pancreatitis.

    “The pathogenesis is different for acute and chronic pancreatitis, but alcohol use has a significant impact on the pathophysiology of both 298, 299, 300, 301, 302 and in the transition from acute to chronic pancreatitis (see 303 ).”

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 12

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Authors
Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B.
Affiliations
  • University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
  • New York Medical College (US)
Corresponding author
Yadav, Dhiraj
Venue
Gastroenterology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-05
Volume
144
Issue
6
Pages
1252-1261
ISSN
0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1977379410
Cited by
1,974
References
100
Citations by year
2026: 103 · 2025: 135 · 2024: 132 · 2023: 170 · 2022: 183 · 2021: 185 · 2020: 210 · 2019: 181 · 2018: 175 · 2017: 163 · 2016: 117 · 2015: 114 · 2014: 85 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 1
FWCI
20.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Touro Scholar (Touro College) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK077906)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Keywords
acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, epidemiology, gallstones, cholecystectomy, alcohol consumption, smoking, risk factors, non-O blood group, racial disparities, smoking cessation, alcohol abstinence, disease burden
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Pancreatitis, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking, Time Factors, Incidence, Prevalence, Pancreatitis, Alcoholic, Risk Reduction Behavior, Racial Groups

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