Cited by 97Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactFluorine in Organic Chemistry

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Chinese and German river water – Point source- and country-specific fingerprints including unknown precursors

Joerss, Hanna, Schramm, Thekla-Regine, Sun, Linting, Guo, Chao, Tang, Jianhui, Ebinghaus, Ralf·2020·Environmental Pollution

Abstract

This study aimed at comparing source-specific fingerprints of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in river water from China and Germany, selected as countries with different histories of PFAS production. Samples were collected from up- and downstream of seven suspected point sources in autumn 2018. Amongst the 29 analyzed legacy and emerging PFASs, 24 were detected, with a sum ranging from 2.7 ng/L (Alz River) to 420,000 ng/L (Xiaoqing River). While mass flow estimates for the Xiaoqing River and Yangtze River (mean: 20 and 43 t/y, respectively) indicated ongoing high emissions of the legacy compound PFOA in China, its ether-based replacements HFPO-DA and DONA showed the highest contribution downstream of a German fluoropolymer manufacturing site (50% and 40% of ΣPFASs measured, respectively). In river water impacted by manufacturing sites for pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates, the short-chain compound PFBS was the most prevalent substance in both countries. The German Ruhr River, receiving discharges from the electroplating industry, was characterized by the PFOS replacement 6:2 FTSA. Isomer profiling revealed a higher proportion of branched isomers in the Chinese Xi River and Xiaoqing River than in other rivers. This points to different synthesis routes and underlines the importance of differentiating between linear and branched isomers in risks assessments. Upon oxidative conversion in the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay, the increase of the short-chain compound PFBA was higher in German samples than in Chinese samples (88 ± 30% versus 12 ± 14%), suggesting the presence of a higher proportion of unknown precursors to PFBA in the German environment. Amongst the ether-based replacements, DONA and 6:2 Cl-PFESA were fully or partially degraded to non-targeted oxidation products, whereas HFPO-DA showed no degradation. This indicates that the inclusion of ether-based PFASs and their oxidation products in the TOP assay can help in capturing a larger amount of the unknown PFAS fraction.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115567

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Authors
Joerss, H., Schramm, T.-R., Sun, L., Guo, C., Tang, J., & Ebinghaus, R.
Affiliations
  • Universität Hamburg (DE)
  • Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon (DE)
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Corresponding author
Tang, Jianhui
Venue
Environmental Pollution
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-12
Volume
267
Pages
115567
ISSN
0269-7491 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3081998321
Cited by
96
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 7
FWCI
4.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Environmental Pollution (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Knowledge Repository of Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS (Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • State Oceanic Administration
  • BMBF
  • Federal Ministry of Education and Research
  • MEGAPOL (03F0786C)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1806207)
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (COMS2019J08)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Keywords
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, river pollution, point source discharges, perfluorooctanoic acid, HFPO-DA, Dona, PFBS, perfluorobutanoic acid, branched isomers, total oxidizable precursor assay, PFAS precursors, electroplating industry, China-Germany comparison
MeSH terms
China, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Fresh Water, Germany, Humans, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Asian People, Rivers

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