Analysis of the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in water, sediment and biota of the Jucar River (E Spain). Sources, partitioning and relationships with water physical characteristics
Abstract
The presence, sources and partitioning of 21 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs: C4-C14, C16, C18 carboxylate, C4, C6-C10 sulfonates and C8 sulfonamide) were assessed in water, sediment, and biota of the Jucar River basin (E Spain). Considering the three matrices, perfluoropentanoate (PFPeA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were the most frequent compounds, being remarkable the high occurrence of short-chain PFASs (C≤8), which are intended to replace the long-chain ones in several industrial and commercial applications. In general, all samples were contaminated with at least one PFAS, with the exception of three fish samples. Mean concentrations detected in sediments (0.22-11.5ng g(-1)) and biota (0.63-274µgkg(-1)) samples were higher than those measured in water (0.04-83.1ngL(-1)), which might suggest (bio) accumulation. The occurrence of PFAS is related to urban and industrial discharges (Cuenca city in the upper part of basin, and car's factory, and effluents of the sewage treatment plant (STP) of Alzira, in the lower part). Increasing pollution gradients were found. On the other hand, higher contamination levels were observed after regulation dams of the catchment pointing out their importance in the re-distribution of these contaminants. None of the hazard quotients (HQ) calculated indicate potential risk for the different tropic levels considered (algae, Daphnia sp. and fish). PFAS concentrations found in this study can be considered in acceptable levels if compared to existing Regulatory Legislation and, consequently, they do not pose an immediate human health risk.
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The higher concentration of PFAS in biota compared to water indicates a potential bioaccumulation pathway.
“The higher concentration of PFAS in biota compared to water, indicates a potential bioaccumulation pathway (Campo et al., 2016).”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution (2022) · cites this paper as Campo et al., 2016
Higher concentrations of PFAS in aquatic biota samples suggest that bioaccumulation pathways in the Llobregat River are similar to those observed in the Jucar River.
“The higher concentrations of PFAS in aquatic biota samples suggest that bioaccumulation pathways in the Llobregat River are similar to those observed in Jucar River (Campo et al., 2016, 2015).”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution (2022) · cites this paper as Campo et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Campo, J., Lorenzo, M., Pérez, F., Picó, Y., Farré, M. L., & Barceló, D.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Venue
- Environmental Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 147
- Pages
- 503-512
- ISSN
- 0013-9351 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2295228266
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 6.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CSD-665-2009, CGL2011-29703-C02-02)
- Generalitat Valenciana (APOSTD/2014/010)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Keywords
- perfluorinated compounds, PFAS contamination, Júcar River, river sediments, aquatic organisms, PFOS, short-chain PFAS, bioaccumulation, pollution sources, sewage treatment plant effluent, dams, pollution gradient, hazard quotient, human health risk, water quality
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Fishes, Fluorocarbons, Spain, Water, Geologic Sediments, Rivers
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