Cited by 248Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeology and Paleoclimatology ResearchGeological and Geochemical Analysis

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Paleoclimates, ocean depth, and the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater

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Kasting, James F., Howard, M. Tazewell, Wallmann, Klaus, Veizer, Ján, Shields, Graham, Jaffrés, Jasmine·2006·Earth and Planetary Science Letters

DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.029

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Abstract

A recurrent interpretation of ancient climate based on the oxygen isotopic composition of marine carbonates and cherts suggests that Earth's climate was substantially warmer in the distant past and remained so until as recently as 400 Myr ago. This interpretation is difficult to reconcile with the long-term glacial record, with evidence for modest weathering rates during most of Earth's history, with biomarker and fossil evidence for eukaryotes and even vertebrates at times of anomalously low δ18O values, and with the predicted faintness of the young Sun. We argue here, following earlier suggestions, that the low δ18O values in ancient rocks are a consequence of the low δ18O of ancient seawater. A modest increase in ocean depth with time, together with progressive increases in pelagic sedimentation on midocean ridge flanks since about 550 Ma, could account for the variation in seawater isotopic composition. The required change in ocean depth, coupled with thinning of the oceanic crust, is a natural consequence of the decline in heat flow over time. Contrary to previous assertions, such a model is not inconsistent with data from ophiolites. It seems likely that Earth's climate remained largely within Phanerozoic norms throughout the past 3.5 Ga.

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Authors: Kasting, J. F., Howard, M. T., Wallmann, K., Veizer, J., Shields, G., & Jaffrés, J.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
University of Ottawa (CA)
James Cook University (AU)
Corresponding author: Kasting, James F.
ORCID: Kasting, James F.
Wallmann, Klaus
Shields, Graham
Jaffrés, Jasmine
Venue: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-11
Volume: 252
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 82-93
ISSN: 0012-821X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.029
OpenAlex: W2145685810
Cited by: 248
References: 71
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 12.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (vor, 2449 d)
Locations: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Keywords: paleoclimate, seawater oxygen isotopes, δ18O, ocean depth, marine carbonates, chert, Phanerozoic climate, ocean heat flux, ophiolite, eukaryotic evolution, paleoclimate models

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Paleoclimates, ocean depth, and the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater

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