The effects of aging, physical training, and a single bout of exercise on mitochondrial protein expression in human skeletal muscle
Open accessAbstract
Aging results in a significant decline in aerobic capacity and impaired mitochondrial function. We have tested the effects of moderate physical activity on aerobic capacity and a single bout of exercise on the expression profile of mitochondrial biogenesis, and fusion and fission related genes in skeletal muscle of human subjects. Physical activity attenuated the aging-associated decline in VO2 max (p<0.05). Aging increased and a single exercise bout decreased the expression of nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1), while the transcription factor A (TFAM) expression showed a strong relationship with VO(2max) and increased significantly in the young physically active group. Mitochondrial fission representing FIS1 was induced by regular physical activity, while a bout of exercise decreased fusion-associated gene expression. The expression of polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) changed inversely in young and old groups and decreased with aging. The A2 subunit of cyclic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was induced by a single bout of exercise in skeletal muscle samples of both young and old subjects (p<0.05). Our data suggest that moderate levels of regular physical activity increases a larger number of mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene expressions in young individuals than in aged subjects. Mitochondrial fission is impaired by aging and could be one of the most sensitive markers of the age-associated decline in the adaptive response to physical activity.
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Konopka et al. and Bori et al. found no differences in mitochondrial fusion and fission between young and older subjects.
“While Konopka et al. (25) and Bori et al. (36) have found no differences in mitochondrial fusion and fission between young and older subjects”
From Chronological Age Does not Influence<i>Ex-vivo</i>Mitochondrial Respiration and Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle (2016) · cites this paper as [36]
The Results (section 3.2.1–3.2.2; page unavailable) report no significant young–old differences in Fis1 and Mfn1 mRNA levels when sedentary subjects or active subjects were compared. These are markers associated with fission and fusion, not direct measurements of those processes; the paper also reports age-related differences in their response to exercise. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBori et al. showed that old active subjects did not have higher FIS1 than old sedentary subjects, in contrast to higher FIS1 mRNA observed in active young subjects versus young sedentary.
“However, Bori et al. (36) showed that in contrast to the higher FIS1 mRNA observed in active young subjects versus young sedentary, old active subjects did not have higher FIS1 than old sedentary subjects”
From Chronological Age Does not Influence<i>Ex-vivo</i>Mitochondrial Respiration and Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle (2016) · cites this paper as [36]
Recent studies investigating whether mitochondrial quality control is influenced by aging have produced inconclusive results.
“Recent studies have investigated whether mitochondrial quality control is influenced by aging, but the results are not conclusive and remain to be elucidated (1,2,25,35,36).”
From Chronological Age Does not Influence<i>Ex-vivo</i>Mitochondrial Respiration and Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle (2016) · cites this paper as [36]
Studies including an exercise intervention have reported both similar and distinct quality control responses in young and older adults.
“Studies that included an exercise intervention have also been performed and reported both similar and distinct quality control responses in young and older adults (25,35,36).”
From Chronological Age Does not Influence<i>Ex-vivo</i>Mitochondrial Respiration and Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle (2016) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Bori, Z., Zhao, Z., Koltai, E., Fatouros, I. G., Jamurtas, A. Z., Douroudos, I. I., Terzis, G., Chatzinikolaou, A., Sovatzidis, A., Draganidis, D., Boldogh, I., & Radak, Z.
- Affiliations
- Semmelweis University (HU)
- Democritus University of Thrace (GR)
- University of Thessaly (GR)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Radak, Zsolt
- ORCID
- Venue
- Experimental Gerontology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 417-424
- ISSN
- 0531-5565 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4915826
- OpenAlex
- W2060172951
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Experimental Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- University of Thessaly Institutional Repository (University of Thessaly) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- ETT (38388)
- OTKA (K75702)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- aging, exercise training, single bout exercise, mitochondrial protein expression, skeletal muscle, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion, mitochondrial fission, NRF1, TFAM, Fis1, polynucleotide phosphorylase, AMPK, VO2max, cardiorespiratory fitness, mitochondrial function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mitochondria, Muscle, Muscle Proteins, Oxygen Consumption, RNA, Messenger, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Mitochondrial Proteins, Young Adult, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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