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Cited by 19Psychometric Methodologies and TestingHealth Education and ValidationAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Feeling Loved: A novel brief self-report health measure

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Barrett, Bruce, Muller, Daniel, Hayer, Supriya, Ewers, Tola, Chase, Joseph, Barnet, Jodi H., Brown, Roger·2019·EXPLORE
DOI 10.1016/j.explore.2018.07.005PMC PMC6339840
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Abstract

Context There is need for a short validated self-report instrument for assessing the feeling of being loved. The Feeling Loved instrument asks: "Do you feel loved?" and "How loved do you feel?" as well as "Do you love yourself?" and "How much do you love yourself?" with 100 mm visual analogue scales assessing the continuous response options.Objective To assess convergent and discriminant validity and to explore psychometric structure for this novel self-report measure.Design Convergent validity comparators include: general mental health, perceived social support, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and positive/negative emotion. Discriminant validity comparators include: gender, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and body mass index. Latent class analysis techniques explore psychometric structure.Setting Baseline evaluation for a randomized controlled trial.Participants Community-recruited adults in Madison, Wisconsin.Intervention This validation study is based on pre-intervention data.Main outcome measures Strength of correlation with comparators is used to assess convergence and discrimination. Goodness-of-fit indicators assess latent class models.Results Of n = 412 respondents, 92% answered positively to both Yes/No questions, and 59% self-rated ≥75/100 on both 0-to-100 VAS scales. Supporting convergent validity, highly significant (p < 0.001) Spearman's rho=ρ correlations of a summed Feeling Loved score were: mental health (ρ = 0.49); social support (ρ = 0.46); perceived stress (ρ = -0.46), depressive symptoms (ρ = -0.31), and both positive (ρ = 0.50) and negative (ρ = -0.43) emotion. Significant associations were also found for personality indicators. Supporting discriminant validity, Feeling Loved scores did not correlate significantly with physical health (ρ = -0.08), body mass index (ρ = 0.01), age (ρ = 0.06), or income (ρ = 0.07) (p values all ≥ 0.12). Latent class analysis models suggested a 3-class structure, with strong goodness-of-fit indicators.

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  1. [13]Sternberg RJ. Construct validation of a triangular love scale. Eur J Soc Psychol. 1998; 27: 313– 335.

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Authors
Barrett, B., Muller, D., Hayer, S., Ewers, T., Chase, J., Barnet, J. H., & Brown, R.
Affiliations
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author
Barrett, Bruce
ORCID
Venue
EXPLORE
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-03
Volume
15
Issue
2
Pages
148-159
ISSN
1550-8307 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.explore.2018.07.005
PMC
PMC6339840
OpenAlex
W2884804756
Cited by
19
References
86
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1
FWCI
1.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • EXPLORE (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R01AT006970, K24AT006543, T32AT006956)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
feeling loved, self-love, self-report measures, psychometric validation, convergent validity, discriminant validity, latent class structure, perceived social support, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, positive and negative emotions, mental health
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Emotions, Female, Humans, Love, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Personality, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Support, Wisconsin, Self Report

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