A 1-year longitudinal study of psychological morbidity after miscarriage
Open accessAbstract
Objective To examine the 1-year longitudinal course of psychological outcomes after miscarriage.Design Longitudinal observational study.Setting University-affiliated teaching hospital.Patient(s) 280 miscarrying women and 150 nonpregnant women.Intervention(s) Psychological outcomes were assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) immediately, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after miscarriage.Main outcome measure(s) Scores on GHQ-12 and BDI.Result(s) Half (55%) of the miscarrying women scored high (>or=4) on the GHQ-12 immediately, 25% at 3 months; 17.8% at 6 months, and 10.8% at 1 year after miscarriage; 26.8% of the patients scored high on the BDI (>or=12) immediately, 18.4% at 3 months, 16.4% at 6 months, and 9.3% at 1 year after miscarriage. Patients who were initially more distressed continued to score higher on both the GHQ-12 and the BDI along the 1-year course when compared with those who were initially less distressed. When compared with the nonpregnant controls, the miscarrying women scored statistically significantly higher on the GHQ-12 and BDI; the differences became not statistically significant only 1 year after miscarriage.Conclusion(s) A statistically significant proportion of patients reported psychological morbidity shortly after miscarriage, but their level of distress reduced over time until they were comparable with the controls 1 year later. Patients who were initially more distressed continued to be throughout the 1-year course.
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- Authors
- Lok, I. H., Yip, A. S.-K., Lee, D. T.-S., Sahota, D., & Chung, T. K.-H.
- Affiliations
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Lok, Ingrid Hung
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1966-1975
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055098566
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Keywords
- miscarriage, psychological morbidity, post-traumatic stress, depression, distress, longitudinal course, General Health Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Spontaneous, Adult, Mental Disorders, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Morbidity, Parity, Personality Inventory, Pregnancy, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Class, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors
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