Chemical composition of thermally processed coconut water evaluated by GC–MS, UPLC-HRMS, and NMR
Open accessAbstract
Thermally-processed coconut water often develop a commercially-undesirable pink color, thus, NMR, UPLC-HRMS, GC-MS analyses combined with chemometrics approach were applied to evaluate chemical variations in comparison to tender water (control) that could explain such color change. Chemometrics on negative ionization mode dataset showed trimeric and A-type dimeric procyanidins, and caffeoylshikimic acid as main identified secondary metabolites induced by processing, while, control water presented mainly cytokinin trans-zeatin riboside, procyanidin dimer, caffeoylshikimic acid and trihydroxy-octadecenoic acid. Processing increased long-chain saturated palmitic and stearic fatty acids contents, meanwhile NMR analysis showed a decline in primary metabolites content as sugars fructose and glucose, and short-chain organic acids. Among the results observed for thermally processed coconut water, the increase in oligomeric procyanidins as A-type dimer and trimer may be associated with pink color development as these are precursors of anthocyanin pigment and/or by enhancing color stability of anthocyanin solutions.
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Coconut water is rich in simple sugars and other carbohydrates.
“This fluid is rich in simple sugars and other carbohydrates [21, 22].”
From Nutritional composition and bioactive properties of tropical coconut palm fruit with functional food applications (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
Conventional thermal processing methods can lead to inactivation of heat-sensitive nutrients, degradation of volatile flavor compounds, and formation of undesirable chemical derivatives, which can make CW less appealing to consumers.
“Nevertheless, these methods can lead to the inactivation of heat-sensitive nutrients, degradation of volatile flavor compounds, and formation of undesirable chemical derivatives, which can make the CW less appealing to consumers [57,58].”
From Research Progress in Coconut Water: A Review of Nutritional Composition, Biological Activities, and Novel Processing Technologies (2025) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Cunha, A. G., Alves Filho, E. G., Silva, L. M. A., Ribeiro, P. R. V., Rodrigues, T. H. S., Brito, E. S. D., & Miranda, M. R. A. D.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (BR)
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical (BR)
- State University of Vale do Acaraú (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Miranda, Maria Raquel A. de
- ORCID
- Venue
- Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 324
- Pages
- 126874
- ISSN
- 0308-8146 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3018189367
- Semantic Scholar
- 8419febadc04013de6c9c4f377a557b01d12e378
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (DCR - 0024-01686 .01.00/15, 314737/2018-9)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Frutas Tropicais
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Coconut Research and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food and Agricultural Sciences
- Keywords
- coconut water, thermal processing, procyanidins, secondary metabolites, fatty acid composition, palmitic acid, stearic acid, chemometrics, NMR metabolomics, UPLC-HRMS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- MeSH terms
- Anthocyanins, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Cocos, Color, Cytokinins, Fructose, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, Temperature, Principal Component Analysis, Proanthocyanidins, Solid Phase Extraction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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