The DOI matches its Crossref record; 159 of the 160 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
New insights into bacterial bile resistance mechanisms: the role of bile salt hydrolase and its impact on human health
Open accessAbstract
Bile acids (BA), the major components of bile, are biological detergents that facilitate the emulsification and solubilization of dietary lipids and also display potent antimicrobial activity, the bacterial membranes being their main targets. Considering the complicated nature of the stress produced by bile and BA, the microorganism tolerance requires different defence mechanisms including the presence of efflux pumps, bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzyme, the intrinsic capacity of cells to maintain intracellular homeostasis and modifications in the architecture and composition of the cell membrane. Besides, the expression of proteins involved in carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, amino acid and nitrogenous base biosynthesis, and general stress response are commonly affected by the presence of bile. Among the microbial transformations, deconjugation of BA by BSH is the most important. Several studies indicate that BSH activity affects both the host physiology and the microbiota. In fact, it was strongly suggested that BSH could play an important role in the colonization and survival of bacteria in the gut. Also, recent work has shown that BSH and free BA participate in a variety of metabolic processes that include regulation of dietary lipid absorption, cholesterol metabolism, and energy and inflammation homeostasis. In this review we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the tolerance of bacteria to bile, with special emphasis on the contributions of studies applying an omic approach. Besides, the physiological and ecological role of BSH enzyme and its relevance to human health as well as the function of bile acid as metabolic regulator are also discussed.
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“The deconjugation ability enhances bacterial survival and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, modulates lipid metabolism, and shapes the bile acid pool, ultimately influencing host-microbiome signaling [6, 10, 11].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“BSH activity is widely distributed among gastrointestinal microbes, including various Lactobacillaceae species [5–8], where the presence of multiple bsh orthologs reflects strain-specific adaptations into the intestinal environment [5, 8–10].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As previously demonstrated, BSs tolerance was largely attributed to BSH-mediated deconjugation of BSs, which enhances cell viability under gastrointestinal conditions [6, 10].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
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In the citing paper
“The deconjugation ability enhances bacterial survival and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, modulates lipid metabolism, and shapes the bile acid pool, ultimately influencing host-microbiome signaling [6, 10, 11].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
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In the citing paper
“The deconjugation ability enhances bacterial survival and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, modulates lipid metabolism, and shapes the bile acid pool, ultimately influencing host-microbiome signaling [6, 10, 11].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
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Cites
From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites
Koh, A., De Vadder, F., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P., & Bäckhed, F. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.041 · Cited by 7,070
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Reyes-Nava, 2014, Isolation sources of bile salt hydrolase-microorganisms, Herald Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Research, 3, 49
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Diversification of host bile acids by members of the gut microbiota
Winston, J. A., & Theriot, C. M. (2019) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2019.1674124 · Cited by 597
Bile acids as modulators of gut microbiota composition and function
Larabi, A. B., Masson, H. L. P., & Bäumler, A. J. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2172671 · Cited by 443
Foley, M. H., O’Flaherty, S., Barrangou, R., & Theriot, C. M. (2019) · PLOS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007581 · Cited by 271
The microbiome modulating activity of bile acids
Tian, Y., Gui, W., Koo, I., Smith, P. B. W., Allman, E. L., Nichols, R. G., Rimal, B., Cai, J., Liu, Q., & Patterson, A. D. (2020) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2020.1732268 · Cited by 255
Interactive relationships between intestinal flora and bile acids
Guo, X., Okpara, E. S., Hu, W., Yan, C., Wang, Y., Liang, Q., Chiang, J. Y. L., & Han, S. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158343 · Cited by 206
Metadata
- Authors
- Bustos, A. Y., Font de Valdez, G., Fadda, S., & Taranto, M. P.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- Corresponding author
- Bustos, Ana Y.
- Venue
- Food Research International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 112
- Pages
- 250-262
- ISSN
- 0963-9969 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2808975724
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 160
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 10
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Food Research International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CONICET Digital (CONICET) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (PIP2015-530)
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT2015-1705)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- bile salt hydrolase, bile acid resistance, bile acids, bacterial stress response, efflux pumps, bile acid deconjugation, gut microbiota, host-microbe interactions, cholesterol metabolism, fat absorption, inflammation, omics approaches
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Amidohydrolases, Animals, Bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, Bile Acids and Salts, Humans, Microbial Viability, Lipid Metabolism, Host-Pathogen Interactions
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