Polymannuronic Acid Prebiotic plus Lacticaseibacillus Rhamnosus GG Probiotic as a Novel Synbiotic Promoted Their Separate Neuroprotection against Parkinson’s Disease
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis plays key roles in aggravating Parkinson's disease (PD) and discovery of agents targeting GM may open new avenues for PD therapy. This study aims to investigate the potentially neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of polymannuronic acid (PM) or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), or their combination in a chronic PD mice model. Our results found oral administration of prebiotic PM or LGG separately or in combination for 5 weeks could prevent dopaminergic neuronal loss via improving reduced walking distance and activity or weakened muscle strength in behavior tests by enhancing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene and/or protein expressions in the midbrain and striatum of PD mice. Strikingly, PM and LGG in combination had a much better neuroprotective effects than separate PM or LGG. PM provided neuroprotection via a short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-mediated anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis mechanism. The neuroprotective effects of LGG might be associated with its ability to improve the expression of striatal glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and to increase bacteria abundance of Clostridiales. When PD mice were administered with PM + LGG, PM as prebiotic favored bacterial growth (from Bacilli class to Lactobacillus genus) in the colon, which helped to improve blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity and increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and GDNF expressions, thereby inhibiting apoptosis in the striatum. In conclusion, PM and LGG in combination promoted their separate neuroprotection against PD. Our study discovered and testified a novel synbiotic that might be one of the ideal oral agents for PD therapy.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
MPTP induction may increase occurrence of certain pathogenic bacteria and impair antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities.
“According to previous studies, MPTP induction may increase the occurrence of certain pathogenic bacteria and significantly impair the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities of the body [7,65], corroborating our findings.”
From Neuroprotective Effects of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1067 in MPTP-Induced Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [65]
Cites
1 retracted
Tamtaji, O. R., Taghizadeh, M., Daneshvar Kakhaki, R., Kouchaki, E., Bahmani, F., Borzabadi, S., Oryan, S., Mafi, A., & Asemi, Z. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.018 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
RetractedGibson, G. R., Hutkins, R., Sanders, M. E., Prescott, S. L., Reimer, R. A., Salminen, S. J., Scott, K., Stanton, C., Swanson, K. S., Cani, P. D., et al. (2017) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75 · Cited by 5,634 · see citing works
Pathological roles of MAPK signaling pathways in human diseases
Kim, E. K., & Choi, E.-J. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.12.009 · Cited by 2,472 · see citing works
Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis
O’Mahony, S. M., Clarke, G., Borre, Y. E., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.027 · Cited by 2,012 · see citing works
Tansey, M. G., & Goldberg, M. S. (2010) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2009.11.004 · Cited by 1,045 · see citing works
Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics
de Vrese, M., & Schrezenmeir, J. (2008) · Advances in biochemical engineering, biotechnology · doi:10.1007/10_2008_097 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works
Update on treatments for nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease—an evidence‐based medicine review
Seppi, K., Chaudhuri, К. R., Coelho, M. M., Fox, S. H., Katzenschlager, R., Perez‐Lloret, S., Weintraub, D. A., & Sampaio, C. (2019) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27602 · Cited by 1,013 · see citing works
GDNF, NGF and BDNF as Therapeutic Options for Neurodegeneration
Allen, S. J., Watson, J. J., Shoemark, D. K., Barua, N. U., & Patel, N. K. (2013) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.01.004 · Cited by 820 · see citing works
Probiotic species in the modulation of gut microbiota: An overview
Azad, M. A. K., Sarker, M., Li, T., & Yin, J. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/9478630 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Gut microbes and metabolites as modulators of blood-brain barrier integrity and brain health
Parker, A., Fonseca, S., & Carding, S. R. (2019) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2019.1638722 · Cited by 722 · see citing works
Microbiota restoration: natural and supplemented recovery of human microbial communities
Reid, G., Younes, J. A., van der Mei, H. C., Gloor, G. B., Knight, R. D., & Busscher, H. J. (2010) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2473 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Jiao, H., Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Wang, P., & Xue, Y. (2011) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-011-9496-4 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Gut microbiota in neurodegenerative disorders
Sarkar, S. R., & Banerjee, S. (2019) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.01.004 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
A review of dose-responses of probiotics in human studies
Ouwehand, A. C. (2016) · Beneficial Microbes · doi:10.3920/bm2016.0140 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Srivastav, S., Neupane, S., Bhurtel, S., Katila, N., Maharjan, S., Choi, H., Hong, J. T., & Choi, D.-Y. (2019) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.021 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
The Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson’s Disease: Possibilities for Food-Based Therapies
Perez-Pardo, P., Kliest, T., Dodiya, H. B., Broersen, L. M., Garssen, J., Keshavarzian, A., & Kraneveld, A. D. (2017) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.042 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Constipation in parkinson's disease: Objective assessment and response to psyllium
Ashraf, W., Pfeiffer, R. F., Park, F. L., Lof, J., & Quigley, E. (1997) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870120617 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Gut–brain axis and the spread of α‐synuclein pathology: Vagal highway or dead end?
Breen, D. P., Halliday, G. M., & Lang, A. E. (2019) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27556 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Hsieh, T.-H., Kuo, C.-W., Hsieh, K.-H., Shieh, M.-J., Peng, C.-W., Chen, Y.-C., Chang, Y.-L., Huang, Y.-Z., Chen, C.-C., Chang, P.-K., et al. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10040206 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Lai, F., Jiang, R., Xie, W., Liu, X., Tang, Y., Xiao, H., Gao, J., Jia, Y., & Bai, Q. (2018) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-018-2620-x · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease
Yang, D., Zhao, D., Ali Shah, S. Z., Wu, W., Lai, M., Zhang, X., Li, J., Guan, Z., Zhao, H., Li, W., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01155 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Castelli, V., d’Angelo, M., Lombardi, F., Alfonsetti, M., Antonosante, A., Catanesi, M., Benedetti, E., Palumbo, P., Cifone, M. G., Giordano, A., et al. (2020) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.102927 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Liao, J.-F., Cheng, Y.-F., You, S.-T., Kuo, W.-C., Huang, C.-W., Chiou, J.-J., Hsu, C.-C., Hsieh-Li, H.-M., Wang, S., & Tsai, Y.-C. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.036 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Sun, M., Kong, L., Wang, X., Lu, X.-G., Gao, Q., & Geller, A. I. (2005) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.05.072 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationProbiotics for Parkinson’s Disease
Gazerani, P. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20174121 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Labus, J. S., Osadchiy, V., Hsiao, E. Y., Tap, J., Derrien, M., Gupta, A., Tillisch, K., Nevé, B. L., Grinsvall, C., Ljungberg, M., et al. (2019) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0656-z · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Serotonin as a link between the gut-brain-microbiome axis in autism spectrum disorders
Israelyan, N., & Margolis, K. G. (2018) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.020 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Effects of a Diet Rich in Insoluble Fiber on Parkinson Disease
Astarloa, R., Mena, M. A., Sánchez, V., Vega, L., & de Yébenes, J. G. (1992) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/00002826-199210000-00004 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Cass, W. A. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-24-08132.1996 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Management of constipation in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Carrasco, A. J. P., Timmermann, L., & Pedrosa, D. J. (2018) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-018-0042-8 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Potential of Prebiotic Butyrogenic Fibers in Parkinson's Disease
Cantu-Jungles, T. M., Rasmussen, H. E., & Hamaker, B. R. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00663 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Review: The Role of Intestinal Dysbiosis in Parkinson’s Disease
Huang, Y., Liao, J., Liu, X., Zhong, Y., Cai, X., & Long, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.615075 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationDong, X.-L., Wang, X., Liu, F., Liu, X., Du, Z.-R., Li, R. W., Xue, C.-H., Wong, K.-H., Wong, W.-T., Zhao, Q., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.180 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationHébert, G. A., Arsaut, J., Dantzer, R., & Demotes‐Mainard, J. (2003) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00832-2 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Ciesielska, A., Joniec‐Maciejak, I., Przybyłkowski, A. M., Gromadzka, G., Iwona, Członkowska, A., & Członkowski, A. (2003) · Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis · doi:10.55782/ane-2003-1461 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Targeting the Microbiota in Pharmacology of Psychiatric Disorders
Pascale, A., Marchesi, N., Govoni, S., & Barbieri, A. (2020) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104856 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Ueno, M., Hiroki, T., Takeshita, S., Jiang, Z., Kim, D., Yamaguchi, K., & Oda, T. (2012) · Carbohydrate Research · doi:10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.005 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Xie, C., & Prasad, A. A. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8111661 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Liu, F., Wang, X., Shi, H., Wang, Y., Xue, C., & Tang, Q. (2017) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114517000964 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationA nutritional approach to microbiota in Parkinson’s disease
Uyar, G. Ö., & Yıldıran, H. (2019) · Bioscience of Microbiota Food and Health · doi:10.12938/bmfh.19-002 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Faecal Transplantation, Pro- and Prebiotics in Parkinson’s Disease; Hope or Hype?
van Laar, T., Boertien, J. M., & Herranz, A. H. (2019) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-191802 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
2015 Update on Parkinson disease
Fernandez, H. H. (2015) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.82gr.15004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Li, Q., Li, C., Yang, C., Liu, C., Yu, G., & Guan, H. (2013) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.012 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Bax, Bcl-2, and cyclin expression and apoptosis in rat substantia nigra during development
Groc, L., Bezin, L., Jiang, H., Jackson, T. S., & Levine, R. A. (2001) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01897-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Liu, X., Du, Z.-R., Wang, X., Luk, K.-H., Chan, C.-H., Cao, X., Zhao, Q. S., Zhao, F., Wong, W., Wong, K., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.649627 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases
Loh, J. S., Mak, W. Q., Tan, L. K. S., Ng, C. X., Chan, H. H., Yeow, S. H., Foo, J. B., Ong, Y. S., How, C. W., & Khaw, K. Y. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works
Facchin, S., Bertin, L., Bonazzi, E., Lorenzon, G., Barba, C. D., Barberio, B., Zingone, F., Maniero, D., Scarpa, M., Ruffolo, C., et al. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14050559 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Parkinson’s disease and gut microbiota: from clinical to mechanistic and therapeutic studies
Zhang, X., Tang, B., & Guo, J. (2023) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-023-00392-8 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Gut Microbiota: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Parkinson’s Disease
Zhu, M., Liu, X., Ye, Y., Yan, X., Cheng, Y., Zhao, L., Chen, F., & Ling, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.937555 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding the Gut–Brain Axis and Its Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Zheng, Y., Bonfili, L., Wei, T., & Eleuteri, A. M. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15214631 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
The gut microbiota–brain axis in neurological disorders
You, M., Chen, N., Yang, Y., Cheng, L., He, H., Cai, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, H., & Hong, G. (2024) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.656 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Varesi, A., Campagnoli, L. I. M., Fahmideh, F., Pierella, E., Romeo, M., Ricevuti, G., Nicoletta, M., Chirumbolo, S., & Pascale, A. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232012289 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Duan, W.-X., Wang, F., Liu, J., & Liu, C. (2023) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-023-01123-9 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Li, T., Chu, C., Yu, L., Zhai, Q., Wang, S., Zhao, J., Zhang, H., Chen, W., & Tian, F. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14214678 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Parkinson’s Disease: Bridging Gaps, Building Biomarkers, and Reimagining Clinical Translation
Tanaka, M. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14151161 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Lee, Y. Z., Cheng, S.-H., Chang, M.-Y., Lin, Y., Wu, C.-C., & Tsai, Y.-C. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076794 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Li, L., Yang, C., Jia, M., Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., Li, Q., Gong, J., He, Y., Xu, K., Liu, X., et al. (2024) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d4fo00886c · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationSkowron, K., Budzyńska, A., Wiktorczyk-Kapischke, N., Chomacka, K., Grudlewska‐Buda, K., Wilk, M., Wałecka-Zacharska, E., Andrzejewska, M., & Gospodarek-Komkowska, E. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23147820 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and Neuroprotection, What Is New? An Up-To-Date Systematic Review
Mutalib, N. A., Mohamad, S. A. S., Jusril, N. A., Hasbullah, N. I., Amin, M. C. I. M., & Ismail, N. H. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16050712 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Ren, D., Ding, M., Su, J., Ye, J., He, X., Zhang, Y., & Shang, X. (2024) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.009 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Choe, U. (2025) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2025.106870 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Avagliano, C., Coretti, L., Lama, A., Pirozzi, C., Caro, C. D., Biase, D. D., Turco, L., Mollica, M. P., Paciello, O., Calignano, A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23126367 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Mehrabani, S., Khorvash, F., Heidari, Z., Ebrahimi, M. T., & Amani, R. (2022) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2022.105397 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Beltrán-Velasco, A. I., Reiriz, M., Uceda, S., & Echeverry‐Alzate, V. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25053010 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Ghassab, F. T., Mahmoudi, F. S., Tinjani, R. T., Meibodi, A. E., Zali, M. R., & Yadegar, A. (2024) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122748 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Aktaş, B., Aslım, B., & Özdemir, D. A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-65061-w · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the effects of probiotics in Parkinson's disease
Chu, C., Yu, L., Li, Y. H., Guo, H., Zhai, Q., Chen, W., & Tian, F. (2023) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d2fo03825k · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Psychobiotics for Mitigation of Neuro‐Degenerative Diseases: Recent Advancements
Dhyani, P., Goyal, C., Dhull, S. B., Chauhan, A. K., Saharan, B. S., Harshita, Duhan, J. S., & Gökşen, G. (2023) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.202300461 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Yadav, S., & Raj, R. G. (2025) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.07.003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Gut Dysbiosis and Blood-Brain Barrier Alteration in Hepatic Encephalopathy: From Gut to Brain
Shahbazi, A., Sepehrinezhad, A., Vahdani, E., Jamali, R., Ghasempour, M., Massoudian, S., Negah, S. S., & Larsen, F. S. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11051272 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The link between the gut microbiome, inflammation, and Parkinson’s disease
Nie, S., & Ge, Y. (2023) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-023-12789-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gut Symptoms, Gut Dysbiosis and Gut-Derived Toxins in ALS
Lee, A., Henderson, R. D., Aylward, J., & McCombe, P. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25031871 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wang, J., Peng, Y., Liu, Y., Lian, Z., Cai, Z., Chen, Y., He, H., Yang, M., & Zhao, J. (2025) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.04.020 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Sun, C., Du, Z., Liu, X., Ye, Y., Zhou, S., Li, C., Cao, X., Zhao, Q. S., Wong, K., Chen, W., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15010011 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationKumar, D., Bishnoi, M., Kondepudi, K. K., & Sharma, S. S. (2025) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-024-10433-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Peng, Z., Hou, T., Yang, K., Zhang, J., Mao, Y.-H., & Hou, X. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17111769 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Tao, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, B., Nie, S., Li, F., Xiao, J., & Wu, Y. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.023 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Panaitescu, P.-Ș., Răzniceanu, V., Mocrei-Rebrean, Ș.-M., Neculicioiu, V. S., Dragoș, H.-M., Costache, C. A., & Filip, G. A. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46050244 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Missiego-Beltrán, J., Olalla-Álvarez, E. M., González-Brugera, A., & Beltrán-Velasco, A. I. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25168998 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Role of an Altered Gut Microbiome in Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review
Hashish, S. A., & Salama, M. (2023) · Applied Microbiology · doi:10.3390/applmicrobiol3020030 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Cao, X., Du, Z.-R., Liu, X., Wang, X., Li, C., Zhou, S.-N., Liu, J.-R., Xu, P.-Y., Ye, J.-L., Zhao, Q., et al. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115100 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationKompoura, V., Prapa, I., Vasilakopoulou, P. B., Mitropoulou, G., Nelios, G., Balafas, E., Kostomitsopoulos, N. G., Chiou, A., Karathanos, V. Τ., Bezirtzoglou, E., et al. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13030415 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG improves cognitive impairments in mice with sepsis
Wang, L., Zhao, R., Li, X., Shao, P. L., Xie, J., Su, X., Xu, S., Huang, Y., & Hu, S. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.17427 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Pan, X., Guo, A., Guan, K., Chen, C., Xu, S., Tang, Y., Li, X., & Huang, Z. (2024) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.13445 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gut-directed therapy in Parkinson’s disease
Benvenuti, L., Salvo, C. D., Bellini, G., Seguella, L., Rettura, F., Esposito, G., Antonioli, L., Ceravolo, R., Bernardini, N., Pellegrini, C., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1407925 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Renesteen, E., Boyajian, J. L., Islam, P., Kassab, A., Abosalha, A. K., Makhlouf, S., Santos, M., Chen, H., Shum-Tim, C., & Prakash, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26115351 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The role of the gut microbiota in neuropsychiatric disorders and therapy
Zhang, F., Ding, K., Zhang, L., Liu, D., Dong, X., Wang, M., Zhou, F.-L., Sun, Y., Zhang, W., Yu, Y., et al. (2025) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102894 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationGut-oriented disease modifying therapy for Parkinson's disease
Lin, C., Lai, H., & Wu, M. (2022) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2022.09.010 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jin, X., Wei, J., Min, X., Fan, Y., Yuan, Z., Du, Z., Su, Z., Xun, T., Du, Q., Liang, T., et al. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.114185 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, X., Cui, J., Tan, X., Yu, Y., Niu, J., & Wang, Q. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-04964-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvice to People with Parkinson’s in My Clinic: Probiotics and Prebiotics
Hor, J. W., Toh, T. S., Lim, S., & Tan, A. H. (2024) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-240172 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Jiang, T., Wang, Y., Fan, W., Lu, Y., Zhang, G., Li, J., Ma, R., Liu, M., & Shi, J. (2025) · BioScience Trends · doi:10.5582/bst.2024.01352 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gao, W., Wu, X., Wang, Y., Lu, F., & Liu, F. (2024) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00679 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Jiang, Y., Zhao, J., Li, Y., Xin, W., Song, J.-J., Chen, X.-Y., Wang, C., & Suo, H. (2025) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106266 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kang, A., Eor, J. Y., Lee, J., Kwak, M., Lee, D. J., Seo, E., Lee, W. J., Son, S.-H., Song, M., Kim, J.-M., et al. (2025) · Current Research in Food Science · doi:10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101051 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Luo, W. F., Yang, L., Ding, Y., Zhuang, Y., Sun, L., Gu, Y., & Fan, X. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2025.2496667 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The role of gut-derived short-chain fatty acids in Parkinson's disease
Saadh, M. J., Mustafa, A. N., Mustafa, M. A., Renuka Jyothi, S., Dabis, H. K., Prasad, G. V. S., Mohammad, I. J., Adnan, A., & Idan, A. H. (2024) · Neurogenetics · doi:10.1007/s10048-024-00779-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Moiseyenko, A., Antonello, G., Schonhoff, A. M., Boktor, J. C., Long, K., Dirks, B., Oguienko, A. D., Winnett, A. V., Simpson, P., Daeizadeh, D., et al. (2026) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-026-01287-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Jiao, Y., Wen, H., Bin, X., Xuefei, W., Lan, J., & Liuyin, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1407241 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Probiotic: A Gut Microbiota-Based Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Rout, M., Prusty, S. K., & Kar, D. M. (2024) · Current Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/0127724328332572241219102122 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Chowdhury, M., Chaudhary, N. R., Kaur, P., Goyal, A., & Sahu, S. K. (2024) · Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/0118715265267536231121095634 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Small Intestinal Microbiota and the Gut–Brain Axis in Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review
Carrossa, G., Misenti, V., Faggin, S., Giron, M. C., & Antonini, A. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13071769 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Yang, E. J. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26178419 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Elford, J. D., Heesbeen, E. J., van der Plaats, N. A., Garssen, J., Kraneveld, A. D., Groenink, L., & Perez‐Pardo, P. (2026) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-025-01236-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Intestinal dysbiosis leads to the reduction in neurochemical production in Parkinson’s disease (PD)
Kumar, R., & Kumar, R. (2025) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jin, Y., Wang, H., & Song, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1644490 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gut microbiota in regulation of neuromuscular coordination
Roy, S., Chakraborty, B., & Choudhury, L. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33351-4.00024-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gonçalves, L. V. P., Holanda, P. F. D. G., Cabral, A. V. D. S., Nunes, R. G. D. S., Lira, Y. V. D. S., Costa, M. R., Mendonça, I. P., de lima, A. A., de Oliveira, Ê. A. G., Peixoto, C. A., et al. (2026) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2026.2649604 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Devi, S., Debnath, N., Yadav, P., Satyavolu, S., Yadav, A. K., & Tyagi, N. (2026) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cph4.70165 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Parkinson’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease: exploring the connection between the two
Zhou, X., Zhang, X., Liang, H., & Bi, Y. (2026) · Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.20517/and.2026.01 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Exploring the Interplay Between Gut Microflora and Parkinson’s
Swathi, M., Hazra, A., Dhanu, A. S., & Basalingappa, K. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8803-7_15
Olalekan, S. O., Okwute, P. G., Osonuga, I. O., Mofolorunso, A. M., Adegbesan, B. O., Ezima, E. N., & Oluwatunase, G. O. (2025) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1009908
Gut microbiome related therapeutics and dietary supplements
Dhapola, R., Kumari, S., Sharma, P., Vellingiri, B., & HariKrishnaReddy, D. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29932-2.00008-6
Parkinson’s Disease and the Microbiome: A New Frontier for Early Diagnosis
Chakkittukandiyil, A., & Sajini, D. V. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-7494-0_4
Zi, Y., Zhang, J., Lu, C., Pan, B., Zhao, X., & Xiao, X. (2026) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2026.109395
Zheng, X., Li, L., Huang, Z., & Zhou, L. (2026) · Brain Network Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.bnd.2026.06.001
Sattar, Z., & Asili, J. (2026) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-026-11152-1
Microbiome‐blood–brain barrier interactions in aging — mechanisms and therapeutic potential
Cuervo-Zanatta, D., Balasubramanian, H. B., Pasokh, A., & Zille, M. (2026) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.70412
Wang, W., Sun, W., Ma, L., Xu, M., & Dong, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1889517
Self-citationRevelo, S., & Anchundia, M. (2026) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology15181598
Ahmed, L. A., & Al‐Massri, K. F. (2026) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-026-06192-1
Braun, N. J., & Mor, D. E. (2026) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16111141
- Authors
- Liu, X., Du, Z. R., Wang, X., Sun, X. R., Zhao, Q., Zhao, F., Wong, W. T., Wong, K. H., & Dong, X.-L.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- Qingdao University (CN)
- BGI Group (China) (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wong, Ka Hing
- Dong, Xiao-Li
- Venue
- Food Research International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-05
- Volume
- 155
- Pages
- 111067
- ISSN
- 0963-9969 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4213416177
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 8.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Food Research International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program (JCYJ20170818111103886, JCYJ20200109142019319)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, synbiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, neuroprotection, gut dysbiosis, short-chain fatty acids, anti-inflammation, apoptosis inhibition, dopaminergic neuron loss, tyrosine hydroxylase, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, blood-brain barrier, Clostridiales, Lactobacillus, striatum
- MeSH terms
- Neuroprotection, Alginic Acid, Animals, Parkinson Disease, Neuroprotective Agents, Probiotics, Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Mice, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Prebiotics, Synbiotics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review