Targeting the Microbiota in Pharmacology of Psychiatric Disorders
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the role of the gut microbiota in health and disease. In particular, gut microbiota influences the Central Nervous System (CNS) development and homeostasis through neural pathways or routes involving the immune and circulatory systems. The CNS, in turn, shapes the intestinal flora through endocrine or stress-mediated responses. These overall bidirectional interactions, known as gut microbiota-brain axis, profoundly affect some brain functions, such as neurogenesis and the production of neurotransmitters, up to influence behavioral aspects of healthy subjects. Consequently, a dysfunction within this axis, as observed in case of dysbiosis, can have an impact on the behavior of a given individual (e.g. anxiety and depression) or on the development of pathologies affecting the CNS, such as autism spectrum disorders and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease). It should be considered that the whole microbiota has a significant role not only on aspects concerning human physiology, such as harvesting of nutrients and energy from the ingested food or production of a wide range of bioactive compounds, but also has positive effects on the gastrointestinal barrier function and actively contributes to the pharmacokinetics of several compounds including neuropsychiatric drugs. Indeed, the microbiota is able to affect drug absorption and metabolism up to have an impact on drug activity and/or toxicity. On the other hand, drugs are able to shape the human gut microbiota itself, where these changes may contribute to their pharmacologic profile. Therefore, the emerging picture on the complex drug-microbiota bidirectional interplay will have considerable implications in the future not only in terms of clinical practice but also, upstream, on drug development.
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A. muciniphila is crucial for proper brain function and has therapeutic potential in several neuropsychiatric diseases through the gut-brain axis.
“Although its mode of action has not been completely elucidated, mounting data suggest that, through the gut–brain axis, A. muciniphila is crucial for proper brain function and has therapeutic potential in several neuropsychiatric diseases [75,76].”
From Neuroprotective Effects of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1067 in MPTP-Induced Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [76]
H. pylori is found with higher prevalence in Parkinson's disease patients compared to healthy subjects, and binding of L-dopa to H. pylori contributes to reduced absorption of the drug, resulting in motor impairment.
“another bacterial species that is found with higher prevalence in PD patients compared to healthy subjects is Helicobacter pylori. Interestingly, the binding of L-dopa to H. pylori contributes to the reduced absorption of the drug, resulting in motor impairment [29]”
From The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
Neurotransmitters produced in the gut may influence the brain indirectly, by acting on the enteric nervous system.
“However, neurotransmitters produced in the gut may influence the brain indirectly, by acting on the ENS [30,31].”
From The Role of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
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Can microbiota gut-brain axis reverse neurodegenerative disorders in human?
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- Authors
- Pascale, A., Marchesi, N., Govoni, S., & Barbieri, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Pascale, Alessia
- Venue
- Pharmacological Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 157
- Pages
- 104856
- ISSN
- 1043-6618 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3022105596
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 194
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacological Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, microbiota-brain axis, mental illness, dysbiosis, anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder, neurodegenerative diseases, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, drug-microbiota interactions, drug development, neurotransmitters, neurogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Bacteria, Mental Disorders, Brain, Humans, Intestines, Mental Health, Antipsychotic Agents, Cytokines, Inflammation Mediators, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Dysbiosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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