Cited by 553Immune Response and InflammationNeutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative MechanismsInflammation biomarkers and pathways

Linking oxidative stress to inflammation: Toll-like receptors

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Gill, Roop, Tsung, Allan, Billiar, Timothy·2010·Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Abstract

Injury caused by oxidative stress occurs in many clinical scenarios involving ischemia and reperfusion such as organ transplantation, hemorrhagic shock (HS), myocardial infarction, and cerebral vascular accidents. Activation of the immune system as a result of disturbances in the redox state of cells seems to contribute to tissue and organ damage in these conditions. The link between oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways is poorly understood. Recently, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to mediate the inflammatory response seen in experimental ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). The TLR family of receptors involved in alerting the innate immune system of danger seems to be activated by damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) that are released during conditions of oxidative stress. In this review, we examine the role of TLRs in various experimental models of oxidative stress such as HS and I/R. We also report on potential DAMPs that may interact with TLRs in mediating injury. Finally, potential mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species from NADPH oxidase can signal the commencement of inflammatory pathways through TLRs are explored.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.01.006

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  • Inflammation enhances oxidative stress by upregulating expression of reactive oxygen species-producing enzymes and downregulating antioxidant defenses.

    “Inflammation, in turn, enhances oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of reactive oxygen species–producing enzymes and downregulating antioxidant defenses.126”

    From Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (2011) · cites this paper as [126]

    The “Interactions between TLR4 and NADPH oxidase” section reports increased NADPH oxidase subunits after dendritic cells were stimulated with TLR-activating substances, supporting the ROS-producing-enzyme part in that setting. It does not report that inflammation downregulates antioxidant defenses, and its evidence does not establish the full mechanism as a general effect of inflammation. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
Gill, R., Tsung, A., & Billiar, T.
Affiliations
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author
Gill, Roop
Venue
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-05
Volume
48
Issue
9
Pages
1121-1132
ISSN
0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2013742341
Cited by
553
References
134
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 18
FWCI
2.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM050441)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
Keywords
oxidative stress, Toll-like receptors, inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock, damage-associated molecular patterns, reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase, innate immunity, organ transplantation, myocardial infarction, stroke
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Reperfusion Injury, Oxidative Stress, Toll-Like Receptors

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