CD24-Siglec G/10 discriminates danger- from pathogen-associated molecular patterns
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It is now well accepted that the innate immune system recognizes both damage (or danger)- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMP and PAMP, respectively) through pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) and/or Nod-like receptors (NLR). Less clear are whether and how the response to PAMP and DAMP are regulated differentially. The answers may reveal whether the primary goal of the immune system is to defend against infections or to alert the host of tissue injuries. We demonstrated recently that the host response to DAMP is controlled by a DAMP-CD24-Siglec axis. Here we propose a key role for the CD24-Siglec pathway in discriminating between DAMPs and PAMPs.
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CD24-mediated inhibition may provide one mechanism by which the host immune system can modulate responses to DAMPs and distinguish DAMPs from PAMPs.
“This may provide one mechanism by which the host immune system can modulate responses to DAMPs and distinguish DAMPs from PAMPs107.”
From Sterile inflammation: sensing and reacting to damage (2010) · cites this paper as [107]
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“needed if pattern recognition receptors were to be the key components to discriminate the two (Liu et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationGut mucosal DAMPs in IBD: from mechanisms to therapeutic implications
Boyapati, R. K., Rossi, A. G., Satsangi, J., & Ho, G. (2016) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2016.14 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“DAMPS IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION Under physiological conditions, DAMPs reside intracellularly or are sequestered in the extracellular matrix, and are thus hidden from recognition by innate immune cells bearing PRRs.”
BackgroundInfluentialRomero, R. J., Chaiworapongsa, T., Savasan, Z. A., Hussein, Y., Dong, Z., Kusanovic, J. P., Kim, C. J., & Hassan, S. S. (2012) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2011.599083 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“Extracellular HMGB1 can potentially be associated with DNA, RNA, endotoxin, nucleosomes [24], thrombospondin [105–107] or CD24 [108,109] to augment or”
Siglecs as sensors of self in innate and adaptive immune responses
Paulson, J. C., Macauley, M. S., & Kawasaki, N. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06362.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Cancer immunogenicity, danger signals, and DAMPs: What, when, and how?
Garg, A. D., Dudek, A. M., & Agostinis, P. (2013) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.1125 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“DAMPs trigger a relatively modest autoimmunity reaction thereby implying that the host immune system might be able to differentiate between DAMPs and PAMPs on a certain level so as to “control” inflammation in response to DAMPs [55].”
BackgroundFong, J. J., Sreedhara, K., Deng, L., Varki, N. M., Angata, T., Liu, Q., Nizet, V., & Varki, A. P. (2015) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201591407 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“In this regard, it plays a similar role as HMGB1 through the Siglec-G/-10 and CD24 axis (Chen et al , 2009; Liu et al , 2009).”
Chen, C., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., & Zheng, P. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci43873 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a master regulator of innate immunity
Castiglioni, A., Canti, V., Rovere, P. Q., & Manfredi, A. A. (2010) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-010-1033-1 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“In contrast, they are normally resistant to the effects of PAMPs (Bianchi and Manfredi 2009 ;C hen et al.2009; Liu et al. 2009 ).”
BackgroundDendritic Cells: A Spot on Sialic Acid
Crespo, H. J., Lau, J. T. Y., & Videira, P. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00491 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Chen and co-workers reported Siglec-10 as involved in helping distinguish TLR-recognized danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) – generated during cell/tissue damage or even regular cell lifecycle – from PAMPs, thus controlling inflammation (100).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Danger Signal S100B Integrates Pathogen– and Danger–Sensing Pathways to Restrain Inflammation
Sorci, G., Giovannini, G., Riuzzi, F., Bonifazi, P., Zelante, T., Zagarella, S., Bistoni, F., Donato, R., & Romani, L. R. (2011) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001315 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“Despite the identification of specific signaling pathways negatively regulating responses to PAMPs or DAMPs [7,8], the unexpected convergence of molecular pathways responsible for recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs raised the question of whether and how the host discriminates between these two molecular patterns [9,10].”
BackgroundSiglec-G–CD24 axis controls the severity of graft-versus-host disease in mice
Toubai, T., Hou, G., Mathewson, N. D., Liu, C., Wang, Y., Oravecz-Wilson, K. I., Cummings, E. L., Rossi, C., Evers, R., Sun, Y., et al. (2014) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2013-12-545335 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“CD24 is expressed as a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol–anchored molecule at the surface of most immune cells, including T cells.39,40 CD24 is also the high-affinity ligand for Siglec-G.4 CD24 is associated with a broad range of DAMPs, such as via HSP70, HSP90, and HMGB-1, binds to Siglec-G and then represses the respons…”
BackgroundSelf-citationAdvances in understanding the pathogenesis of graft‐versus‐host disease
Magenau, J. M., Runaas, L., & Reddy, P. R. (2016) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.13959 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“The membrane glycoprotein CD24, expressed on haematopoietic cells including T lymphocytes, directly binds DAMPs and Siglec-G down-regulating immune stimulation (Liu et al, 2009).”
BackgroundCD24: A Novel Target for Cancer Immunotherapy
Panagiotou, Ε., Syrigos, N. K., Charpidou, A. G., Kotteas, E. A., & Vathiotis, I. A. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12081235 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Selective interaction with DAMPs but not with pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs), which are related to the recognition of “non-self” patterns associated with infection, provides the biologic basis for a differential response between healthy and neoplastic tissue as a result of CD24 blockade [71,72…”
BackgroundEscamilla-Tilch, M., Filio‐Rodríguez, G., García‐Rocha, R., Mancilla‐Herrera, I., Mitchison, N. A., Ruiz‐Pacheco, J. A., Sánchez‐García, F. J., Sandoval‐Borrego, D., & Vázquez-Sánchez, E. A. (2013) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.2013.58 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Toll-like receptors as developmental tools that regulate neurogenesis during development: an update
Barak, B., Feldman, N., & Okun, E. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00272 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“The signaling outcomes seem to differ between MAMP and DAMP-induced TLR activation, probably due to the need to balance between immune intervention and tissue damage repair (Liu et al., 2009).”
BackgroundPadler‐Karavani, V., Hurtado‐Ziola, N., Chang, Y., Sonnenburg, J. L., Ronagh, A., Yu, H., Verhagen, A., Nizet, V., Chen, X., Varki, N. M., et al. (2013) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.13-241497 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“10–12), which dephosphorylate downstream kinases and dampen immune responses (13, 14).”
BackgroundZhang, P., Lu, X., Tao, K., Shi, L., Li, W., Wang, G., & Wu, K. (2014) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2014.09.035 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
CD24-Siglec axis is an innate immune checkpoint against metaflammation and metabolic disorder
Wang, X., Liu, M., Zhang, J., Brown, N. K., Zhang, P., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Du, X., Wu, W., Devenport, M., et al. (2022) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.005 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationAbdominal drains: a brief historical review.
Memon, M. A., Memon, M. A., & Donohue, J. H. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Sterile post‐traumatic immunosuppression
Islam, M. N., BRADLEY, B. A., & Ceredig, R. (2016) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1038/cti.2016.13 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
IL-33 Induces Nuocytes and Modulates Liver Injury in Viral Hepatitis
Liang, Y., Jie, Z., Hou, L., Aguilar‐Valenzuela, R., Vu, D., Soong, L., & Sun, J. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1300117 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“However, it is now thought that, in addition to PAMPs, the innate immune system can also recognize DAMPs, and both PAMPs and DAMPs can serve as the on–off switch of immunity (42, 43).”
BackgroundInsight into the mechanisms regulating immune homeostasis in health and disease.
Sirisinha, S. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The role of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) in infection
van Zoelen, M. A. D., Achouiti, A., & van der Poll, T. (2011) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc9990 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“[5] however, propose that the immune system treats DAMPs and PAMPs diff erently; they suggest that DAMPs -but not PAMPs -bring CD24-Siglec G/10 into the proximity of TLRs/NLRs, resulting in repressed DAMP-induced TLR/NLR signaling.”
BackgroundThe role of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 in rheumatoid arthritis
Chen, Y., Sun, W., Gao, R., Su, Y., Umehara, H., Dong, L., & Gong, F. (2013) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket134 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
A novel platform for attenuating immune hyperactivity using EXO‐CD24 in COVID‐19 and beyond
Shapira, S., Shimon, M. B., Hay-Levy, M., Shenberg, G., Choshen, G., Bannon, L., Tepper, M., Kazanov, D., Seni, J., Lev‐Ari, S., et al. (2022) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.202215997 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
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“Given what we now know about environmental triggers of autoimmunity and cancer, CD24 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of both disease groups [77].”
BackgroundTLRs in COVID-19: How they drive immunopathology and the rationale for modulation
Mabrey, F. L., Morrell, E. D., & Wurfel, M. M. (2021) · Innate Immunity · doi:10.1177/17534259211051364 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“For example, upon oxPAPC binding CD24 is recruited to the intracellular TLR4 module and ameliorates or blocks pro-inflammatory signaling.(106) CD24Fc has been designed to reduce pathologic activation of TLR4.”
BackgroundSiglecs as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer
Lim, J., Sari, D., & Bagga, T. (2021) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology10111178 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Zheng, C., Yin, S., Yang, Y., Yu, Y., & Xie, X. (2017) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/cmi.2016.57 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
How Does the Brain Limit the Severity of Inflammation and Tissue Injury During Bacterial Meningitis?
Neal, J., & Gasque, P. (2013) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3182909f2f · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Siglec-G represses DAMP-mediated effects on T cells
Toubai, T., Rossi, C., Oravecz-Wilson, K. I., Zajac, C. K., Liu, C., Braun, T. W., Fujiwara, H., Wu, J. J., Sun, Y., Brabbs, S., et al. (2017) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.92293 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Both DAMP- and PAMP-mediated activation of APCs (12, 13, 15) has been”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationPharmacology and therapeutic potential of pattern recognition receptors
Paul‐Clark, M. J., George, P. M., Gatheral, T. L., Parzych, K., Wright, W. R., Crawford, D., Bailey, L. K., Reed, D. M., & Mitchell, J. A. (2012) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.05.007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Tian, R., Zhang, M., Liu, M., Fang, X., Li, D., Zhang, L., Zheng, P., Zheng, Y., & Liu, Y. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0452-5 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationBeling, A., Rahnefeld, A., Kloetzel, P. M., & Krüger, E. (2013) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00042 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Analysis of the structure, evolution, and expression of CD24, an important regulator of cell fate
Ayre, D. C., Pallegar, N. K., Fairbridge, N. A., Canuti, M., Lang, A. S., & Christian, S. L. (2016) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2016.05.038 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“In DCs, CD24 interacts with Siglec-G (Siglec-10) to suppress DC activation in response to danger-associated molecular patterns (Liu et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundCD24: A Rheostat That Modulates Cell Surface Receptor Signaling of Diverse Receptors
Ayre, D. C., & Christian, S. L. (2016) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2016.00146 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“In DC from the liver, CD24 forms a complex between Siglec-G and extracellular danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) proteins, such as HMGB1, to alter Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) activity (Chen et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2009).”
BackgroundCD24-Siglec interactions in inflammatory diseases
Liu, Y., & Zheng, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174789 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“The discovery that CD24-Siglec G interaction discriminates DAMPs from PAMPs provide a frontiersin.org framework by which the self and non-self discrimination can be achieved by the innate immune system.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationRAGE during infectious diseases
van Zoelen, M. A. D. (2011) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar · doi:10.2741/215 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“propose that DAMPs and PAMPs are treated differently by the immune system; they suggest that DAMPs - but not PAMPs - bring CD24-Siglec G/10 into the proximity of TLRs/NLRs, leading to a repressed DAMP initiated TLR/NLR signaling (5).”
BackgroundDall’Olio, F. (2018) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2835-0_17 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Li, W., Ling, H.-P., You, W., Liu, H., Sun, Q., Zhou, M., Shen, W., Zhao, J., Zhu, L., & Hang, C. (2013) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-013-8509-4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Jansen, S. A., Nieuwenhuis, E. E. S., Hanash, A. M., & Lindemans, C. A. (2022) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41385-022-00527-6 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Vlková, M., Froňková, E., Kanderová, V., Janda, A., Rùzicková, Š., Litzman, J., Šedivá, A., & Kalina, T. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0903876 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“CD24 is downregulated after BCR activation, but its complete physiological function in B cells is unknown (32).”
BackgroundTherapeutic Potential of B-1a Cells in COVID-19
Aziz, M., Brenner, M., & Wang, P. (2020) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001610 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Siglec-G also negatively regulates TLR4 signaling and reduces PAMP and DAMP-mediated inflammation (87).”
BackgroundSiglec genes confer resistance to systemic lupus erythematosus in humans and mice
Flores, R., Zhang, P., Wu, W., Wang, X., Ye, P., Zheng, P., & Liu, Y. (2018) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/cmi.2017.160 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationTriple jeopardy in ageing: COVID-19, co-morbidities and inflamm-ageing
Rea, I. M., & Alexander, H. D. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101494 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Bedoui, Y., Neal, J. W., & Gasque, P. (2018) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-018-9793-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Innate Immunity and the Pathogenicity of Inhaled Microbial Particles
Wolff, C. H. J. (2011) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.7.261 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Subsequently it has indeed been shown that that among others ATP, mammalian double stranded DNA and uric acid crystals activate an inflammatory response [8].”
Emerging Therapeutic Modalities against COVID-19
Malik, S., Gupta, A., Zhong, X., Rasmussen, T. P., Manautou, J. E., & Bahal, R. (2020) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph13080188 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Role of Siglec-G on Immune Cells in Sepsis
Royster, W., Wang, P., & Aziz, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.621627 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“In addition to a nuclear DAMP like HMGB1, DCs also respond to cytoplasmic DAMPs such as HSP70 and HSP90 through a TLR-dependent pathway (12, 49).”
BackgroundChristian, S. L. (2022) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s366625 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“CD24 acts as a co-stimulatory molecule for T cells(10) and regulates dendritic cell activation in response to danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).(11,12) CD24 is constitutively expressed in erythrocytes where it decreases aggregation and promotes their half-life in circulation in mice(13) but does not appear…”
BackgroundInfluentialLiang, J., Bi, G., Huang, X., Xu, Z., Huang, Y., Bian, Y., Shan, G., Guo, W., Yan, Y., Sui, Q., et al. (2025) · 癌症：英文版 · doi:10.1002/cac2.70068 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“The CD24 and SIGLEC protein family signaling axis has been extensively demonstrated to be an innate immune checkpoint regulating host response to tissue injuries [35–37].”
Epithelial dysregulation in obese severe asthmatics with gastro-oesophageal reflux
Perotin, J., Schofield, J. P. R., Wilson, S. J., Ward, J., Brandsma, J., Strazzeri, F., Bansal, A. T., Yang, X., Rowe, A., Corfield, J., et al. (2019) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00453-2019 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“0004), a cell surface receptor involved in suppression of immune responses to DAMPs (12), organization of tight”
BackgroundInfluentialYin and yang of tumor inflammation: How innate immune suppressors shape the tumor microenvironments
Jinushi, M. (2013) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.28626 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Siglec-G belongs to a family of immunoglobulinlike lectins that contain ITIM motifs and associate with SHP2 and transduces signals to inhibit innate and B cell-dependent immune responses.(80,81) Moreover, Siglec-G expression is upregulated on macrophages by RNA virus-dependent NFkappaB signals.”
BackgroundEhira, N., Oshiumi, H., Matsumoto, M., Kondo, T., Asaka, M., & Seya, T. (2010) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/1756-9966-29-135 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Yet the GDF3-CD24 pathway frequently turns positive when the cells are malignantly transformed [37] which may support the notion that CD24, when complexed with other molecules, alters its function for discrimination of danger signals [37].”
BackgroundTLR1 expression in mouse brain was increased in a KA-induced seizure model
Wang, F.-X., Liu, S., Zheng, X., Chen, X., Lu, L.-X., Chen, B., Xiong, X., Shu, H., Yang, Q., & Yang, H. (2015) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-015-0828-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Agents of cancer immunosurveillance: HSPs and dsDNA
Nayak, D. A., & Binder, R. J. (2022) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2022.03.004 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Unravelling CD24 ‐ Siglec‐10 pathway: Cancer immunotherapy from basic science to clinical studies
Hazra, R., Chattopadhyay, S., Mallick, A., Gayen, S., & Roy, S. (2024) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.13847 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, numerous studies indicate that the human Siglec-10 partners (recognized as the murine Siglec-G homologue) along with CD24 recognize endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and hinder DAMP-induced innate inflammatory reactions [97].”
Inflammaging as the basis of age-associated diseases
Artemyeva, O. V., & Gankovskaya, L. V. (2020) · Medical Immunology (Russia) · doi:10.15789/1563-0625-iat-1938 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Molina, L. D. P., López‐Granados, E., Lécrevisse, Q., Torres, J. M., Pérez‐Andrés, M., Blanco, E., Wentink, M. W. J., Bonroy, C., Nechvátalová, J., Milota, T., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.603972 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“CD24 is also highly expressed on immature B-cells and it is associated with Siglec-10 that interacts with SHP-1 phosphatases, a complex implicated in NFkB activation and the prevention of signaling from non-specific antigen receptors (47).”
BackgroundA hypermorphic SP1-binding CD24 variant associates with risk and progression of multiple sclerosis.
Wang, L., Liu, R., Li, D., Lin, S., Fang, X., Backer, G., Kain, M., Rammoham, K., Zheng, P., & Liu, Y. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh Mobility Group Box Protein-1 in Wound Repair
Ranzato, E., Martinotti, S., Pedrazzi, M., & Patrone, M. (2012) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells1040699 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Schäck, L. M., Büettner, M., Wirth, A., Neunaber, C., Krettek, C., Hoffmann, A., & Noack, S. (2015) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2016/1319578 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“CD24 can interact with nucleolin, a ubiquitous protein that can function as a nuclear shuttle protein opening the possibility that nucleolin might facilitate the nuclear import of CD24 in hBMSCs [17].”
Immune Cell Circuits in Mucosal Wound Healing: Clinical Implications
Zundler, S., Tauschek, V., & Neurath, M. (2020) · Visceral Medicine · doi:10.1159/000506846 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The role of danger signals and ectonucleotidases in acute graft-versus-host disease
Apostolova, P., & Zeiser, R. (2016) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2016.02.005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Li, D., Hu, M., Liu, Y., Du, P., Du, P., Li, C.-S., Cheng, L., Liu, P., Jiang, J., Su, L., et al. (2018) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-017-0007-9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopmental trajectory of extracellular vesicle characteristics from the lungs of preterm infants
Ransom, M. A., Bunn, K. E., Negretti, N. M., Jetter, C. S., Bressman, Z. J., Sucre, J. M. S., & Pua, H. H. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00389.2022 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Green, O., Shenberg, G., Baruch, R., Argaman, L., Levin, T., Michelson, I., Hadary, R., Isakovich, B., Golos, M., Schwartz, R., et al. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11092523 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“CD24, Siglec 10, and HMGB1 form a trimolecular complex that exerts negative regulation on the NF-kB pathway [10,13,14].”
IAPs protect host target tissues from graft-versus-host disease in mice
Toubai, T., Rossi, C., Oravecz-Wilson, K. I., Liu, C., Zajac, C. K., Wu, S.-R. J., Sun, Y., Fujiwara, H., Tamaki, H., Peltier, D., et al. (2017) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2017004242 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Inhaled CD24-Enriched Exosomes (EXO-CD24) as a Novel Immune Modulator in Respiratory Disease
Shapira, S., Schwartz, R., Tsiodras, S., Bar‐Shai, A., Melloul, A., Borsekofsky, S., Peer, M., Adi, N., MacLoughlin, R. J., & Arber, N. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010077 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…between Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs), which are endogenous molecules that are constitutively expressed and released upon tissue damage or stress from damaged or dying cells, and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), molecular structures produced by microorganisms [13–15].”
BackgroundPeriodontitis Risk Variants at SIGLEC5 Impair ERG and MAFB Binding
Mueller, R., Chopra, A., Dommisch, H., & Schäefer, A. S. (2021) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345211049984 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“As a result, DAMPs and PAMPs would become indistinguishable, which could provide an explanation for massive inflammation and tissue destruction (Liu et al. 2009), as typically seen in severe periodontitis phenotypes (stage III) with a rapid rate of progression (grade C).”
BackgroundThe Big Potential of Small Particles: Lipid-Based Nanoparticles and Exosomes in Vaccination
Shimon, M. B., Shapira, S., Seni, J., & Arber, N. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10071119 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“CD24 binds Siglec-10, resulting in an activation of the Siglec-10 signaling pathway [66,67].”
BackgroundThe Hypothesis on Function of Glycosphingolipids and ABO Blood Groups Revisited
Kościelak, J. (2012) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-012-0734-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Myeloid dysregulation and therapeutic intervention in COVID-19
Gu, R., Mao, T., Qiao, L., Su, T. T., & Wang, J. (2021) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2021.101524 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“CD24 represses DAMP-induced immunity by directly trapping DAMPs to prevent agonistic receptor binding and/or by actively suppressing downstream signaling pathways through Siglec-10/G receptor [74,75].”
Surprising magic of CD24 beyond cancer
He, W., Shi, P., Shi, X., Lv, Y., Xie, H., & Hai, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1334922 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The primary and most in fl uential category includes molecular patterns related to pathogens, known as PAMPs, while the secondary category, which is of lesser importance, contains molecular patterns associated with damage, known as DAMPs (87, 88).”
BackgroundInfluentialThaxton, J. E., Liu, B., Zheng, P., Liu, Y., & Li, Z. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302755 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“recruitment of the ITIM Siglec10/G and subsequent abrogation of inflammatory cytokine signals through blockade of NF-kB activation (7).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCD24Fc ameliorates immune-related adverse events while preserving anti-tumor therapeutic effect
Liu, M., Wang, X., Du, X., Zhang, Y., Ai, C., Hu‐Lieskovan, S., Li, T., Devenport, M., Liu, Y., & Zheng, P. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01030-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationKedarinath, K., Fox, C. R., Crowgey, E. L., Mazar, J., Phelan, P. E., Westmoreland, T. J., Alexander, K. A., & Parks, G. D. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14081735 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chen, X., Li, H., Song, H., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Han, P., & Wang, X. (2022) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12288 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“While CD24 inhibits immune activation induced by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), this activation neither affects immune recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) nor interferes with virus clearance (Liu et al., 2009).”
BackgroundAn overview of some potential immunotherapeutic options against COVID-19
Bayat, M., Asemani, Y., Mohammadi, M. R., Sanaei, M., Namvarpour, M., & Eftekhari, R. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107516 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Tsioulos, G., Grigoropoulos, I., Moschopoulos, C. D., Shapira, S., Poulakou, G., Antoniadou, A., Boumpas, D. T., Arber, N., & Tsiodras, S. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12101472 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“CD24’s link to DAMPs prevents them from binding to the TLRs, therefore inhibiting the NF-kB pathway, an extremely significant signaling pathway, that induces the production of cytokines and chemokines [15,31].”
Background
- Authors
- Liu, Y., Chen, G.-Y., & Zheng, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Yang
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 557-561
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2788100
- OpenAlex
- W1979054778
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ai064350-15)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG036690)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA112001, CA-58033, R01CA058033)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (RC1GM091648)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01-AI064350, AI64350)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
- Keywords
- CD24, Siglec-G, Siglec-10, damage-associated molecular patterns, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, innate immunity, pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, tissue injury response
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Heat-Shock Proteins, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Lymphocyte Activation, Protein Binding, Lectins, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Toll-Like Receptor 2, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Mice, CD24 Antigen, Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6, Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins
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