The DOI matches its Crossref record; 202 of the 202 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Influence of vitamin C and vitamin E on redox signaling: Implications for exercise adaptations
Open accessAbstract
The exogenous antioxidants vitamin C (ascorbate) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) often blunt favorable cell signaling responses to exercise, suggesting that redox signaling contributes to exercise adaptations. Current theories posit that this antioxidant paradigm interferes with redox signaling by attenuating exercise-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation. The well-documented in vitro antioxidant actions of ascorbate and α-tocopherol and characterization of the type and source of the ROS/RNS produced during exercise theoretically enable identification of redox-dependent mechanisms responsible for the blunting of favorable cell signaling responses to exercise. This review aimed to apply this reasoning to determine how the aforementioned antioxidants might attenuate exercise-induced ROS/RNS production. The principal outcomes of this analysis are (1) neither antioxidant is likely to attenuate nitric oxide signaling either directly (reaction with nitric oxide) or indirectly (reaction with derivatives, e.g., peroxynitrite); (2) neither antioxidant reacts appreciably with hydrogen peroxide, a key effector of redox signaling; (3) ascorbate but not α-tocopherol has the capacity to attenuate exercise-induced superoxide generation; and (4) alternate mechanisms, namely pro-oxidant side reactions and/or reduction of bioactive oxidized macromolecule adducts, are unlikely to interfere with exercise-induced redox signaling. Out of all the possibilities considered, ascorbate-mediated suppression of superoxide generation with attendant implications for hydrogen peroxide signaling is arguably the most cogent explanation for blunting of favorable cell signaling responses to exercise. However, this mechanism is dependent on ascorbate accumulating at sites rich in NADPH oxidases, principal contributors to contraction-mediated superoxide generation, and outcompeting nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase isoforms. The major conclusions of this review are: (1) direct evidence for interference of ascorbate and α-tocopherol with exercise-induced ROS/RNS production is lacking; (2) theoretical analysis reveals that both antioxidants are unlikely to have a major impact on exercise-induced redox signaling; and (3) it is worth considering alternate redox-independent mechanisms.
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“There could also be a case for some polyphenolic compounds to be supplemented post-exercise, such as tart cherry juice [163] to attenuate muscle soreness although if this is through a direct scavenging effect remains unclear (see point 2 above and reference [148] for criteria that need to fulfilled to satisfy a scavenging affect).”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [148]
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“It is now well recognized that exercise-induced disruptions in skeletal muscle homeostasis regulate exercise adaptations with repeated activation [148,149] (Figure 1)”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [148]
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“It is accepted that repeated exercise bouts (i.e. training) induce disruption in skeletal muscle homeostasis that regulate training adaptations [62,63].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [63]
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1 retracted
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Cobley, J. N., Fiorello, M. L., & Bailey, D. M. (2018) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.008 · Cited by 1,215
Self-citationAntioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of ascorbic acid
Gęgotek, A., & Skrzydlewska, E. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11101993 · Cited by 420
Merry, T. L., & Ristow, M. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271957 · Cited by 246
New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance
Close, G. L., Hamilton, D. L., Philp, A., Burke, L. M., & Morton, J. P. (2016) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.016 · Cited by 221
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Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes
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Antioxidants in Personalized Nutrition and Exercise
Margaritelis, N. V., Paschalis, V., Theodorou, A. A., Kyparos, A., & Nikolaidis, M. G. (2018) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy052 · Cited by 84
Self-citationWardenaar, F., Brinkmans, N., Ceelen, I., Van Rooij, B., Mensink, M., Witkamp, R., & De Vries, J. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9020142 · Cited by 71
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cobley, J. N., McHardy, H., Morton, J. P., Nikolaidis, M. G., & Close, G. L.
- Affiliations
- Abertay University (GB)
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Cobley, James N.
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 84
- Pages
- 65-76
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2016974821
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 202
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 1.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
- Abertay Research Portal (Abertay University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Carnegie Trust (R70103)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Keywords
- vitamin C, vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol, redox signaling, exercise adaptation, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide signaling, peroxynitrite, NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, antioxidants
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Vitamin E, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Reactive Nitrogen Species
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