Efficacy of peer support interventions for depression: a meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Objective To assess the efficacy of peer support for reducing symptoms of depression. Methods Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases were searched for clinical trials published as of April 2010 using Medical Subject Headings and free text terms related to depression and peer support. Two independent reviewers selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared a peer support intervention for depression to usual care or a psychotherapy control condition. Meta-analyses were conducted to generate pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) in the change in depressive symptoms between study conditions. Results Seven RCTs of peer support versus usual care for depression involving 869 participants were identified. Peer support interventions were superior to usual care in reducing depressive symptoms, with a pooled SMD of -0.59 (95% CI: −0.98, −0.21; p=0.002). Seven RCTs with 301 total participants compared peer support to group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). There was not a statistically significant difference between group CBT and peer interventions, with a pooled SMD of 0.10 (95% CI: −0.20, 0.39 p=0.53). Conclusion Based on the available evidence, peer support interventions help reduce symptoms of depression. Additional studies are needed to determine effectiveness in primary care and other settings with limited mental health resources.
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Level 2 Evidence supports peer interventions as a second-line adjunctive treatment for MDD.
“peer interventions are recommended as a second-line adjunctive treatment for MDD (Level 2 Evidence).”
From Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [134]
The Discussion and Conclusion report that peer support improves depressive symptoms compared with usual care and may be an effective component of depression care. They do not recommend it specifically as a second-line adjunctive treatment or assign it a “Level 2 Evidence” grade. The Results section also says trials studying peer support only as an add-on to depression care management were excluded. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe CopeColumbia Facilitator's Guide was based on evidence-based principles from peer support, stress and coping models, problem-solving therapy, CBT, and ACT.
“The facilitator guide drew upon evidence-based principles from peer support interventions [22], stress and coping models [23], problem solving therapy [24], cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) [25,26], and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) [27].”
From Supporting the well-being of health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: The CopeColumbia response (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
Recent data suggest that peer support interventions are valued by Veterans and have the potential to reduce psychiatric symptoms.
“Recent data suggest that peer support interventions are valued by Veterans (Jain, McLean, & Rosen, 2012) and have the potential to reduce psychiatric symptoms (Barber, Rosenheck, Armstrong, & Resnick, 2008; Pfeiffer, Heisler, Piette, Rogers, & Valenstein, 2011).”
From Cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety: Similarities and differences between Veteran and community participants (2015) · cites this paper as Pfeiffer, Heisler, Piette, Rogers, & Valenstein, 2011
An initial meta-analysis of peer support for depression was positive, but subsequent results are mixed.
“An initial meta-analysis of peer support for depression was positive, but subsequent results are mixed.[134][135][136]”
From Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [134]
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- Authors
- Pfeiffer, P. N., Heisler, M., Piette, J. D., Rogers, M. A. M., & Valenstein, M.
- Affiliations
- Health Services Research & Development (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pfeiffer, Paul N.
- Venue
- General Hospital Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-36
- ISSN
- 0163-8343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3052992
- OpenAlex
- W2063974176
- Semantic Scholar
- 89c52884b0742ec3c8444929ce013f29c74341e8
- Cited by
- 484
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- General Hospital Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK020572, P60DK020572, P30DK092926, P30DK020572)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024986)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- peer support, depression, depressive symptoms, peer support programs, group cognitive behavioral therapy, usual care, treatment efficacy, primary care mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Peer Group, Psychotherapy, Self-Help Groups, Young Adult
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