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Cited by 1,561Nanoparticle-Based Drug DeliveryAdvanced Drug Delivery SystemsRNA Interference and Gene Delivery

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Liposomes: structure, composition, types, and clinical applications

Open access
Nsairat, Hamdi, Khater, Dima, Sayed, Usama, Odeh, Fadwa, Al Bawab, Abeer, Alshaer, Walhan·2022·Heliyon
DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09394PMC PMC9118483
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Abstract

Liposomes are now considered the most commonly used nanocarriers for various potentially active hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. Liposomes also proved to enhance drug solubility and controlled distribution, as well as their capacity for surface modifications for targeted, prolonged, and sustained release. Based on the composition, liposomes can be considered to have evolved from conventional, long-circulating, targeted, and immune-liposomes to stimuli-responsive and actively targeted liposomes. Many liposomal-based drug delivery systems are currently clinically approved to treat several diseases, such as cancer, fungal and viral infections; more liposomes have reached advanced phases in clinical trials. This review describes liposomes structure, composition, preparation methods, and clinical applications.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09394

Cites

219 of 219 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Schematic representation of liposomes.
Figure 1 Schematic representation of liposomes.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Natural phosphatides the most used to produce liposomes; A) Phosphatidylcholine, B) Phosphatidylethanolamine, C) Phosphatidylserine, D) Phosphatidylinositol, E) Phosphatidylglecerol, and F) Phosphatidic acid.
Figure 2 Natural phosphatides the most used to produce liposomes; A) Phosphatidylcholine, B) Phosphatidylethanolamine, C) Phosphatidylserine, D) Phosphatidylinositol, E) Phosphatidylglecerol, and F) Phosphatidic acid.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Palmitic acid -based different synthetic phospholipids; A) 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine, B) 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid sodium salt, C) 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol sodium salt, and D) 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC).
Figure 3 Palmitic acid -based different synthetic phospholipids; A) 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine, B) 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid sodium salt, C) 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol sodium salt, and D) 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Stearic acid -based different synthetic phospholipids; A) 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine, B) 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphatidic acid Na salt, C) 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol sodium salt, and D) 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.
Figure 4 Stearic acid -based different synthetic phospholipids; A) 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine, B) 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphatidic acid Na salt, C) 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol sodium salt, and D) 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Mixed and different types of synthetic phospholipids; A) 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, B) 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (chloride salt), C) L-a-phosphatidylcholine, D) 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine, E) 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and F) 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.
Figure 5 Mixed and different types of synthetic phospholipids; A) 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, B) 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (chloride salt), C) L-a-phosphatidylcholine, D) 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine, E) 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and F) 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Chemical structure of A) cholesterol, B) β-sitosterol.
Figure 6 Chemical structure of A) cholesterol, B) β-sitosterol.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Chemical structure of surfactants A) sodium cholate, B) Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
Figure 7 Chemical structure of surfactants A) sodium cholate, B) Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 Liposomes preparation via thin-film hydration extrusion technique.
Figure 8 Liposomes preparation via thin-film hydration extrusion technique.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 9 Schematic representation of injection methods method.
Figure 9 Schematic representation of injection methods method.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 10 Schematic representation of injection methods method.
Figure 10 Schematic representation of injection methods method.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 11 Active clinical trials as per 28/dec/2021, source: https://ClinicalTrials.gov.
Figure 11 Active clinical trials as per 28/dec/2021, source: https://ClinicalTrials.gov.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

1 retracted

Show all 219 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Sahoo, 2003, Nanotech approaches to drug delivery and imaging, Drug Discov. Today, 8, 1112, 10.1016/S1359-6446(03)02903-9 · DOI
  2. Bulbake, 2017, Liposomal formulations in clinical use: an updated review, Pharmaceutics, 9, 12, 10.3390/pharmaceutics9020012 · DOI
  3. Tadokoro, 2016, 39, 446
  4. Bozzuto, 2015, Liposomes as nanomedical devices, Int. J. Nanomed., 10, 975, 10.2147/IJN.S68861 · DOI
  5. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, 2011, Charged liposomes as carriers to enhance the permeation through the skin, Expet Opin. Drug Deliv., 8, 857, 10.1517/17425247.2011.574610 · DOI
  6. He, 2018, Safety of novel liposomal drugs for cancer treatment, Adv. Prosp., 295, 13
  7. Bigazzi, 2019, Supercritical fluid methods: an alternative to conventional methods to prepare liposomes, Chem. Eng. J., 383, 123106
  8. Immordino, 2006, Stealth liposomes: review of the basic science, rationale, and clinical applications, existing and potential, Int. J. Nanomed., 1, 297

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Metadata

Authors
Nsairat, H., Khater, D., Sayed, U., Odeh, F., Al Bawab, A., & Alshaer, W.
Affiliations
  • Al-Ahliyya Amman University (JO)
  • Applied Science Private University (JO)
  • University of Jordan (JO)
Corresponding author
Alshaer, Walhan
ORCID
Venue
Heliyon
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-05
Volume
8
Issue
5
Pages
e09394
ISSN
2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09394
PMC
PMC9118483
OpenAlex
W4280621631
Cited by
1,561
References
219
Citations by year
2026: 366 · 2025: 601 · 2024: 405 · 2023: 179 · 2022: 10
FWCI
20.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Keywords
liposomes, liposomal drug delivery, nanocarriers, liposome structure, liposome composition, liposome preparation, targeted liposomes, long-circulating liposomes, stimuli-responsive liposomes, sustained drug release, drug solubility enhancement, biocompatibility, clinical application, cancer therapy

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