The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges
Open accessAbstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak and is a major public health issue. As of 11 February 2020, data from the World Health Organization (WHO) have shown that more than 43 000 confirmed cases have been identified in 28 countries/regions, with >99% of cases being detected in China. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. It is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact, and infection has been estimated to have mean incubation period of 6.4 days and a basic reproduction number of 2.24-3.58. Among patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus pneumonia or Wuhan pneumonia), fever was the most common symptom, followed by cough. Bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacity was the most common finding from computed tomography images of the chest. The one case of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the USA is responding well to remdesivir, which is now undergoing a clinical trial in China. Currently, controlling infection to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary intervention being used. However, public health authorities should keep monitoring the situation closely, as the more we can learn about this novel virus and its associated outbreak, the better we can respond.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In an effort to limit the spread of the Sars-COV-2 virus, governments worldwide imposed different forms of public-health measures, including physical distancing recommendations, closing non-essential institutions, home quarantine, curfews, and lockdowns (Lai et al., 2020).”
From Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Increases Mental Wellbeing and Emotion Regulation During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Synchronous Online Intervention Study (2021) · cites this paper as Lai et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“While improving IoMT, AI, and Big Data, internet communication greatly increases the availability and dissemination of knowledge. Hence the reporting has the potential to spread as misinformation or fake news (Lai et al., 2020).”
From IoMT amid COVID-19 pandemic: Application, architecture, technology, and security (2021) · cites this paper as Lai et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Experience from the early phase of COVID-19 pneumonia has demonstrated that travel experience, rather than chest radiography, is of vital significance for early diagnosis and insulation of cases (Lai et al., 2020).”
From IoMT amid COVID-19 pandemic: Application, architecture, technology, and security (2021) · cites this paper as Lai et al., 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C.-L., Hui, D. S. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032 · Cited by 30,246
A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001017 · Cited by 28,244
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C.-L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 · Cited by 21,969
Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30211-7 · Cited by 21,415
Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiang, H., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585 · Cited by 20,148
La certeza de lo impredecible: Cultura Educación y Sociedad en tiempos de COVID19
Martínez González, M. (2020) · DSPACE System - Metalibrary (University of the Coast) · Cited by 18,463
Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia
Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Leung, K. S. M., Lau, E. H. Y., Wong, J. Y., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001316 · Cited by 16,575
Lu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Niu, P., Yang, B., Wu, H., Wang, W., Song, H., Huang, B., Zhu, N., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30251-8 · Cited by 11,907
Gorbalenya, A. E., Baker, S. C., Baric, R. S., de Groot, R. J., Drosten, C., Gulyaeva, A. A., Haagmans, B. L., Lauber, C., Leontovich, A. M., Neuman, B. W., et al. (2020) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z · Cited by 8,745
A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern
Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30185-9 · Cited by 7,700
Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Shi, Z., Hú, Z., Zhong, W., & Xiao, G. (2020) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0 · Cited by 6,994
First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States
Holshue, M. L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K. H., Wiesman, J., Bruce, H., Spitters, C., Ericson, K., Wilkerson, S., Tural, A., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001191 · Cited by 6,030
Wu, J. T., Leung, K., & Leung, G. M. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30260-9 · Cited by 4,389
Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents.
Kampf, G., Todt, D., Pfaender, S., & Steinmann, E. (2020) · Journal of Hospital Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022 · Cited by 3,796
Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle
Lu, H., Stratton, C. W., & Tang, Y. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25678 · Cited by 3,497
Chan, J. F., Kok, K., Zhu, Z., Chu, H., To, K. K., Yuan, S., & Yuen, K. (2020) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1719902 · Cited by 3,127
CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
Chung, M., Bernheim, A., Mei, X., Zhang, N., Huang, M., Zeng, X., Cui, J., Xu, W., Yang, Y., Fayad, Z. A., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200230 · Cited by 2,751
Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury
Russell, C. D., Millar, J. E., & Baillie, J. K. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30317-2 · Cited by 2,040
Coronavirus infections and immune responses
Li, G., Fan, Y., Lai, Y., Han, T., Li, Z., Zhou, P., Pan, P., Wang, W., Hu, D., Liu, X., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25685 · Cited by 1,963
Psychosocial impact of COVID-19
Dubey, S., Biswas, P., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., Lahiri, D., & Lavie, C. J. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035 · Cited by 1,958
Zhao, S., Lin, Q., Ran, J., Musa, S. S., Yang, G., Wang, W., Lou, Y., Gao, D., Yang, L., He, D., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.050 · Cited by 1,852
Backer, J. A., Klinkenberg, D., & Wallinga, J. (2020) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.5.2000062 · Cited by 1,546
Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Wuhan, China
Wang, W., Tang, J., & Wei, F. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25689 · Cited by 1,526
Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in ChinaPreprint
Guan, W., Ni, Z., Hu, Y., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.02.06.20020974 · Cited by 1,485
A Novel Coronavirus Emerging in China — Key Questions for Impact Assessment
Munster, V. J., Koopmans, M., van Doremalen, N., van Riel, D. A. J., & de Wit, E. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp2000929 · Cited by 1,418
Gorbalenya, A. E., Baker, S. C., Baric, R. S., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.937862 · Cited by 1,408
Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study.
Ren, L.-L., Wang, Y.-M., Wu, Z.-Q., Xiang, Z.-C., Guo, L., Xu, T., Jiang, Y.-Z., Xiong, Y., Li, Y.-J., Li, X.-W., et al. (2020) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000000722 · Cited by 1,349
Emerging 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia
Song, F., Shi, N., Shan, F., Zhang, Z., Shen, J., Lu, H., Ling, Y., Jiang, Y., & Shi, Y. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200274 · Cited by 1,217
Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
Lu, H. (2020) · BioScience Trends · doi:10.5582/bst.2020.01020 · Cited by 1,140
Morse, J. S., Lalonde, T. J., Xu, S., & Liu, W. R. (2020) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202000047 · Cited by 782
Effects of Air Temperature and Relative Humidity on Coronavirus Survival on Surfaces
Casanova, L. M., Jeon, S., Rutala, W. A., Weber, D. J., & Sobsey, M. D. (2010) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.02291-09 · Cited by 736
Chang, D., Lin, M., Wei, L., Xie, L., Zhu, G., Cruz, C. S. D., & Sharma, L. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1623 · Cited by 709
Chen, Z., Fu, J.-F., Shu, Q., Chen, Y.-H., Hua, C., Li, F.-B., Lin, R., Tang, L.-F., Wang, T.-L., Wang, W., et al. (2020) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-020-00345-5 · Cited by 702
Kanne, J. P. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200241 · Cited by 668
COVID-19 Disease due to SARS-CoV-2 (Novel Coronavirus)
Carlos, W. G., Cruz, C. S. D., Cao, B., Pasnick, S., & Jamil, S. M. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.2014p7 · Cited by 583
Chen, L., Liu, W., Qi, Z., Xu, K., Ye, G., Wu, W.-C., Sun, Z., Liu, F., Wu, K., Zhong, B., et al. (2020) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1725399 · Cited by 570
Patel, A., Jernigan, D. B., 2019-nCoV CDC Response Team, 2019-nCoV CDC Response Team, Abdirizak, F., Abedi, G. R., Aggarwal, S., Albina, D., Allen, E., Andersen, L., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6905e1 · Cited by 451
Rolain, J., Colson, P., & Raoult, D. (2007) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.05.015 · Cited by 408
Kim, J. Y., Choe, P. G., Oh, Y., Oh, K. J., Kim, J., Park, S. J., Park, J. H., Na, H. K., & Oh, M.-D. (2020) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e61 · Cited by 404
Gorbalenya, A. E., Baker, S. C., Baric, R. S., de Groot, R. J., Drosten, C., Gulyaeva, A. A., Haagmans, B. L., Lauber, C., Leontovich, A. M., Neuman, B. W., et al. (2020) · DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.937862v1 · Cited by 382
Jiang, S., Du, L., & Shi, Z. (2020) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1723441 · Cited by 330
Lee, S. H., Ruan, S., Pan, S., Lee, T.-F., Chien, J., & Hsueh, P. (2019) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2019.10.009 · Cited by 205
Self-citationPatel, A. K., & Jernigan, D. B. (2020) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ajt.15805 · Cited by 201
An interim review of the epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus
Ryu, S., & Chun, B. C. (2020) · Epidemiology and Health · doi:10.4178/epih.e2020006 · Cited by 198
Biscayart, C., Angeleri, P., Lloveras, S. C., Chaves, T. D. S. S., Schlagenhauf, P., & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101567 · Cited by 185
Chemistry and Biology of SARS-CoV-2
Dömling, A. S. S., & Gao, L. (2020) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2020.04.023 · Cited by 138
The effects of regional climatic condition on the spread of COVID-19 at global scale
Iqbal, M. M., Abid, I., Hussain, S., Shahzad, N., Iqbal, M. J., & Iqbal, M. J. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140101 · Cited by 125
The Fight against the 2019-nCoV Outbreak: an Arduous March Has Just Begun
Yoo, J. (2020) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e56 · Cited by 122
Recommendations and guidelines for the treatment of pneumonia in Taiwan
Chou, C.-C., Shen, C., Chen, S., Chen, H.-M., Wang, Y.-C., Chang, W., Chang, Y.-T., Chen, W.-Y., Huang, C.-Y., Kuo, C.-C., et al. (2018) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2018.11.004 · Cited by 115
A nonlinear epidemiological model considering asymptotic and quarantine classes for SARS CoV-2 virus
Mishra, A. M., Purohıt, S. D., Owolabi, K. M., & Sharma, Y. D. (2020) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109953 · Cited by 88
Healing the Healer: Protecting Emergency Health Care Workers’ Mental Health During COVID-19
Wong, A. H.-W., Pacella‐LaBarbara, M. L., Ray, J. M., Ranney, M. L., & Chang, B. (2020) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.04.041 · Cited by 81
Masjoudi, M., Aslani, A., Khazaeian, S., & Fathnezhad‐Kazemi, A. (2020) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/s12978-020-00949-0 · Cited by 50
Hung, H.-M., Yang, S.-L., Chen, C., Chiu, C.-H., Kuo, C.-Y., Huang, K.-Y. A., Lin, T., Hsieh, Y. C., Gong, Y., Tsao, K., et al. (2018) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2018.08.009 · Cited by 46
Su, I.-C., Lee, K., Liu, H.-Y., Chuang, H.-C., Chen, L., & Lee, Y. (2018) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2018.05.007 · Cited by 33
Effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin for children with severe COVID-19: a rapid review
on behalf of COVID-19 Evidence and Recommendations Working Group, Zhang, J., Yang, Y., Yang, N., Ma, Y., Zhou, Q. X., Li, W., Wang, X., Huang, L., Luo, X., et al. (2020) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-20-3305 · Cited by 28
Molecular epidemiology and clinical features of adenovirus infection in Taiwanese children, 2014
Lin, G.-L., Lu, C., Chen, J., Lee, P., Ho, S., Weng, K.-C., Huang, L., & Chang, L. (2018) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2018.07.005 · Cited by 26
Lee, K. H., Yoo, S. G., Cho, Y., Kwon, D. E., La, Y., Han, S. H., Kim, M. S., Choi, J. S., Kim, S. I., Kim, Y. S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2019.05.007 · Cited by 26
Lee, J.-Y., Yang, P.-C., Chang, C., Lin, I.-T., Ko, W., & Cia, C.-T. (2019) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2019.05.014 · Cited by 21
Self-citationIsolation and Growth Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero Cell
Yao, P., Zhang, Y., Sun, Y., Gu, Y., Xu, F., Su, B., Chen, C., Lu, H.-J., Wang, D., Yang, Z., et al. (2020) · Virologica Sinica · doi:10.1007/s12250-020-00241-2 · Cited by 17
Shi, Q., Zhou, Q. X., Wang, X., Liao, J., Yang, Y. P., Wang, Z., Lu, S., Ma, Y., Xun, Y., Luo, X., et al. (2020) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-20-3301 · Cited by 15
Flight of the COVID-19 patient: experience with a Wuhan evacuee: a case report
Segar, S., Bouland, D., Torriani, F. J., Kwak, K., Asudani, D., Taplitz, R., & Gupta, V. (2020) · Journal of Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1186/s13256-020-02396-8 · Cited by 5
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gautret, P., Lagier, J., Parola, P., Hoang, V. T., Meddeb, L., Mailhe, M., Doudier, B., Courjon, J., Giordanengo, V., Esteves-Vieira, V., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949 · Cited by 5,288
RetractedCharacteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
Hu, B., Guo, H., Zhou, P., & Shi, Z.-L. (2021) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7 · Cited by 5,291
COVID-19 infection: Emergence, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses
Shereen, M. A., Khan, S., Kazmi, A., Bashir, N., & Siddique, R. (2020) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005 · Cited by 3,743
The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19
Ye, Q., Wang, B., & Mao, J. (2020) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037 · Cited by 2,761
Psychosocial impact of COVID-19
Dubey, S., Biswas, P., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., Lahiri, D., & Lavie, C. J. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035 · Cited by 1,958
Metadata
- Authors
- Lai, C.-C., Shih, T.-P., Ko, W.-C., Tang, H.-J., & Hsueh, P.-R.
- Affiliations
- Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (TW)
- National Cheng Kung University (TW)
- Chi Mei Medical Center (TW)
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Hsueh, Po-Ren
- Venue
- International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 105924
- ISSN
- 0924-8579 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7127800
- OpenAlex
- W3006645647
- Cited by
- 6,068
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 182 · 2024: 351 · 2023: 609 · 2022: 1050 · 2021: 1770 · 2020: 2028
- FWCI
- 179.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Taiwan University Hospital
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, coronavirus pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, incubation period, basic reproduction number, remdesivir, infection control, public health emergencies, ground-glass opacities
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, China, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, World Health Organization, Coronavirus Infections, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
