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Evolution of the protein corona affects macrophage polarization
Abstract
When nanoparticles (NPs) come into contact with bioenvironments, a protein corona forms on the NP surface. Previous reports showed that the constituents of the corona change with time. However, how different protein corona compositions influence cells, especially immune cells, has received less attention. Macrophages are important immune cells that can be polarized into a pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. In this study, AuNPs were incubated with human plasma for different periods to obtain time-related AuNP-coronas, and the influences of time-related AuNP-coronas on macrophage polarization were investigated. The macrophage morphology, biomarkers, cytokine secretion studies show that the pristine AuNPs and 4 h-AuNP-corona induced macrophage cells into M2 phenotype, while the co-incubation of 12 h-AuNP-corona and macrophage cells result in M1 phenotype. Further proteomic analysis showed that the compositions of protein corona were changing constantly after AuNPs contacted with plasma. When the incubation time increased to 12 h, the immune proteins in protein corona were increased significantly, which play a key role in modulation of the different macrophages polarization. Our findings demonstrated that plasma incubation time is an important parameter that needs to be taken into account in the study of nano-immune interactions and safe use of NPs in biological systems. Moreover, our finding can be a new efficient strategy for activating inflammatory or a…
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“As a result, transformation kinetics and activation windows calibrated in protein-free buffers may differ markedly from those in plasma or interstitial fluid, underscoring the need to validate size- and charge-switching behavior under physiologically relevant protein concentrations [18].”
From Overcoming tumor microenvironment barriers: transformable and bioinspired nanomedicine strategies for deep tumor penetration (2026) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“Recent corona-focused analyses likewise emphasize that dynamic corona formation can substantially shift the zeta potential of nanoparticles and sterically shield pH- or redox-sensitive moieties [18].”
From Overcoming tumor microenvironment barriers: transformable and bioinspired nanomedicine strategies for deep tumor penetration (2026) · cites this paper as [18]
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yang, H., Lu, S., Wang, S., Liu, L., Zhu, B., Yu, S., Yang, S., & Chang, J.
- Venue
- International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 191
- Pages
- 192-200
- ISSN
- 0141-8130
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 4
- Language
- en
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