Transferrin-functionalized nanoparticles lose their targeting capabilities when a biomolecule corona adsorbs on the surface
Open accessAbstract
Nanoparticles have been proposed as carriers for drugs, genes and therapies to treat various diseases. Many strategies have been developed to target nanomaterials to specific or over-expressed receptors in diseased cells, and these typically involve functionalizing the surface of nanoparticles with proteins, antibodies or other biomolecules. Here, we show that the targeting ability of such functionalized nanoparticles may disappear when they are placed in a biological environment. Using transferrin-conjugated nanoparticles, we found that proteins in the media can shield transferrin from binding to both its targeted receptors on cells and soluble transferrin receptors. Although nanoparticles continue to enter cells, the targeting specificity of transferrin is lost. Our results suggest that when nanoparticles are placed in a complex biological environment, interaction with other proteins in the medium and the formation of a protein corona can 'screen' the targeting molecules on the surface of nanoparticles and cause loss of specificity in targeting.
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Covalent attachment of counterparts on particles significantly changes their conformations and particle surface properties, inducing potential detrimental interactions with external biomolecules rather than stabilizing them.
“covalent attachment of their counterparts on particles significantly changes their conformations and particle surface properties (e.g., hydrophobicity and charge density), inducing potential detrimental interactions with external biomolecules, rather than stabilizing them13,19,37.”
From Cloaking nanoparticles with protein corona shield for targeted drug delivery. (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
The paper’s main text says surface-grafting may disrupt protein structure or constrain its orientation, and reports serum-protein binding to functionalized particles. It does not establish the claimed significant conformational changes or changes in hydrophobicity and charge density; for its transferrin particles, it says circular dichroism indicated that protein structure was largely preserved. The adverse interaction it demonstrates is serum-protein binding that compromises targeting, not a demonstrated consequence of those claimed changes. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredProtein corona presents a major obstacle to bench-to-bedside translation of targeted drug delivery systems, severely affecting targeting yields and directing unfavorable biodistribution.
“Protein corona presents a major obstacle to bench-to-bedside translation of targeted drug delivery systems, severely affecting targeting yields and directing unfavorable biodistribution.”
From Brain-targeted drug delivery by manipulating protein corona functions (2019) · cites this paper as [11]
The paper reports that a protein corona can shield transferrin on nanoparticles and eliminate targeting specificity in a biological environment (main text; page not supplied). Its conclusion says this failure may allow accumulation in unintended cells, but it does not demonstrate unfavorable biodistribution or establish the extent of an obstacle to clinical translation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBiomolecule adsorption results in the formation of a protein corona and significantly changes the original molecular identity of the nanoparticle.
“Biomolecule adsorption results in the formation of a layer, called a protein corona, and significantly changes the original molecular identity of the nanoparticle13.”
From Cloaking nanoparticles with protein corona shield for targeted drug delivery. (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
Small variations in the density and distribution patterns of ligands on nanoparticle surfaces can significantly influence the way that nanoparticles interact with biological systems.
“For example, small variations in the density and distribution patterns of ligands on nanoparticle surfaces can significantly influence the way that nanoparticles interact with biological systems57,58.”
From How to design preclinical studies in nanomedicine and cell therapy to maximize the prospects of clinical translation (2018) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Salvati, A., Pitek, A. S., Monopoli, M. P., Prapainop, K., Bombelli, F. B., Hristov, D. R., Kelly, P. M., Åberg, C., Mahon, E., & Dawson, K. A.
- Affiliations
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Mahon, Eugene
- Dawson, Kenneth A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Nanotechnology
- Published
- 2013-01-20
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 137-143
- ISSN
- 1748-3387 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-3395
- OpenAlex
- W2161946327
- Cited by
- 1,912
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 159 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 127 · 2022: 145 · 2021: 147 · 2020: 149 · 2019: 155 · 2018: 161 · 2017: 151 · 2016: 148 · 2015: 143 · 2014: 126 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 62.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Nanotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (2007–2013, 246479, 266737, 214547)
- Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology
- Science Foundation Ireland (09/RFP/MTR2425)
- University College Dublin
- Irish Research Council
- European Social Fund (2007–2013)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
- Keywords
- protein corona, nanoparticle targeting, transferrin receptor, biomolecule adsorption, nanoparticle functionalization
- MeSH terms
- Adsorption, Animals, Antibodies, Circular Dichroism, Epithelial Cells, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Particle Size, Proteins, Receptors, Transferrin, Silicon Dioxide, Transferrin, RNA, Small Interfering, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Nanoparticles, Chemical Phenomena
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