Nanoparticle Size and Surface Chemistry Determine Serum Protein Adsorption and Macrophage Uptake
Abstract
Delivery and toxicity are critical issues facing nanomedicine research. Currently, there is limited understanding and connection between the physicochemical properties of a nanomaterial and its interactions with a physiological system. As a result, it remains unclear how to optimally synthesize and chemically modify nanomaterials for in vivo applications. It has been suggested that the physicochemical properties of a nanomaterial after synthesis, known as its "synthetic identity", are not what a cell encounters in vivo. Adsorption of blood components and interactions with phagocytes can modify the size, aggregation state, and interfacial composition of a nanomaterial, giving it a distinct "biological identity". Here, we investigate the role of size and surface chemistry in mediating serum protein adsorption to gold nanoparticles and their subsequent uptake by macrophages. Using label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we find that over 70 different serum proteins are heterogeneously adsorbed to the surface of gold nanoparticles. The relative density of each of these adsorbed proteins depends on nanoparticle size and poly(ethylene glycol) grafting density. Variations in serum protein adsorption correlate with differences in the mechanism and efficiency of nanoparticle uptake by a macrophage cell line. Macrophages contribute to the poor efficiency of nanomaterial delivery into diseased tissues, redistribution of nanomaterials within the body, and potential toxicity. This study establishes principles for the rational design of clinically useful nanomaterials.
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Small variations in the density and distribution patterns of ligands on nanoparticle surfaces can significantly influence the way that nanoparticles interact with biological systems.
“For example, small variations in the density and distribution patterns of ligands on nanoparticle surfaces can significantly influence the way that nanoparticles interact with biological systems57,58.”
From How to design preclinical studies in nanomedicine and cell therapy to maximize the prospects of clinical translation (2018) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Walkey, C. D., Olsen, J. B., Guo, H., Emili, A., & Chan, W. C. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Chan, Warren C. W.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2012-01-23
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2139-2147
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- OpenAlex
- W1990796256
- Cited by
- 1,926
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 81 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 133 · 2022: 158 · 2021: 174 · 2020: 160 · 2019: 156 · 2018: 166 · 2017: 169 · 2016: 135 · 2015: 145 · 2014: 117 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 29.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Chemical Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP93532)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
- Keywords
- gold nanoparticles, serum protein adsorption, macrophage uptake, nanoparticle size, surface chemistry, nanoparticle delivery, nanoparticle toxicity, nanomaterial design, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- MeSH terms
- Adsorption, Blood Proteins, Gold, Humans, Macrophages, Particle Size, Polyethylene Glycols, Surface Properties, Tissue Distribution, Metal Nanoparticles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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