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Cited by 68Technology Adoption and User BehaviourConsumer Behavior and Marketing InfluenceDigital Marketing and Social Media

Drivers of Consumer Adoption of e-Commerce: a Meta-Analysis

Open access
Zerbini, Cristina, Bijmolt, Tammo H.A., Maestripieri, Silvia, Luceri, Beatrice·2022·International Journal of Research in Marketing
DOI 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2022.04.003
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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2022.04.003

Cites

147 of 147 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Claims the paper makes

0 of 48 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Attitude and convenience show the strongest impact among the drivers on online shopping.

    “where attitude and convenience show the strongest impact.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The multiple predictors are strongly related to online purchase intentions and purchase behavior.

    “In particular, the multiple predictors are strongly related to online purchase intentions and purchase behavior, where attitude and convenience show the strongest impact.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Power distance and uncertainty avoidance have a positive moderating effect on the links between purchase intention and some of its drivers.

    “power distance and uncertainty avoidance have a positive effect”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Cultural traits have specific moderating effects on the links between purchase intention and some of its drivers.

    “Furthermore, moderator analyses indicate that cultural traits have specific moderating effects on the links between purchase intention and some of its drivers.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Individualism, indulgence, and masculinity have a negative moderating effect on the links between purchase intention and some of its drivers.

    “individualism, indulgence and masculinity have a negative one.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 48
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 3
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 21

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The most important drivers of online shopping conform to the TAM and TPB theories, in addition to website characteristics and past experience.

    “Our main takeaways reveal that the most important drivers of online shopping (a) conform to the TAM and TPB theories, in addition to (b) website characteristics and past experience.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    For purchase intention, the bivariate analyses support most of the predictions, except for privacy concerns, which is not statistically significant (p > .05).

    “For purchase intention, the bivariate analyses support most of the predictions, except for privacy concerns, which is not statistically significant (p >.05).”
    • Also stated in: § Meta-analysis does not confirm the influences of privacy concern on intention. · plain
      “Meta-analysis does not confirm the influences of privacy concern on intention.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    In the MASEM, perceived usefulness, perceived behavioral control, convenience, system security, and trust had significant positive effects on purchase intention, while privacy concern and perceived risk had significant negative effects.

    “The results of the meta-analytic SEM show that among the consumer-channel interaction drivers, only enjoyment and perceived ease of use do not significantly influence intentions; all the other drivers exerted a significant effect: positive for perceived usefulness (b = 0.122; p <.01), perceived behavioral control (b = 0.096; p <.01), convenience (b = 0.066; p <.01), and system security (b = 0.073;”
    • Also stated in: § Consumer-Channel Interaction · plain
      “System security, convenience and trust have a positive influence on intention.”
    • Also stated in: § Consumer-Channel Interaction · plain
      “Perceived risk impacts negatively on intention.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    All expected effects of online commerce adoption drivers hypothesized in Table 1 were verified, except for privacy concerns, which ran contrary to previous studies.

    “All the expected effect of online commerce adoption drivers hypothesized in Table 1 have been verified, except for privacy concerns that ran contrary to previous studies (Alshare et al., 2019;Park & Jun, 2003;Verhoef et al., 2007).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Alshare et al., 2019 source
    • cites Park & Jun, 2003 source
    • cites Verhoef et al., 2007 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Power distance positively influences the link between convenience and purchase intention, and between innovativeness and purchase intention.

    “Power distance positively influences the link between convenience and purchase intention, and between innovativeness and purchase intention.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: The effect of continuous moderators (Hofstede's cultural dimensions and year of publication) on bivariate relationships is linear.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Among consumer-channel interactions, the strongest effect sizes on purchase intention are convenience (r = 0.563, p < .001), perceived usefulness (r = 0.535, p < .001), perceived ease of use (r = 0.466, p < .001), and trust (r = 0.465, p < .001).

    “Among consumer-channel interactions, the strongest effect sizes are displayed for convenience (r = 0.563, p <.001), perceived usefulness (r = 0.535, p <.001), perceived ease of use (r = 0.466, p <.001), and trust (r = 0.465, p <.001).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Website characteristics (information quality and website design) and social influence (subjective norm) had positive and significant influence on behavioral intention.

    “The influence exerted by website characteristics (information quality and website design) and social influence (subjective norm) on behavioral intention was positive and significant (respectively, b = 0.095, p <.01; b = 0.104, p <.01; b = 0.129; p <.01).”
    • Also stated in: § Website characteristics · plain
      “Information quality and website design exert a positive action on intention.”
    • Also stated in: § Social influence · plain
      “The ability of subjective norm to acts on the intention is confirmed by analysis.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Uncertainty avoidance positively acts on perceived usefulness-purchase intention, and subjective norm-purchase intention relationships.

    “Uncertainty avoidance positively acts on perceived usefulness-purchase intention, and subjective norm-purchase intention relationships.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: The effect of continuous moderators (Hofstede's cultural dimensions and year of publication) on bivariate relationships is linear.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Innovativeness had a positive impact on intention; previous experience had a positive effect on behavior; and age had a negative effect on behavior.

    “Regarding consumer characteristics, the impact of innovativeness on intention (b = 0.045; p <.01), and of previous experience (b = 0.133; p <.01) and age (b = À0.043;p <.01) on behavior were confirmed.”
    • Also stated in: § Consumer Characteristics · plain
      “Innovativeness positively acts on purchase intentions.”
    • Also stated in: § Consumer Characteristics · plain
      “Previous experience is a direct antecedent of purchase behavior.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    All the studied effect sizes did not vary systematically according to the type of product, except for the negative effect of privacy concerns on purchase intention, which weakens when product categories in the studies are intangible.

    “All the studied effect sizes did not vary systematically according to the type of product, except for the negative effect of privacy concerns on purchase intention, which weakens when product categories in the studies are intangible (Tables 4 and 5).”
    • Also stated in: § Type of product · plain
      “The effect of privacy concerns on purchase intention decreases for intangible product categories.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    Among website characteristics, both website design (r = 0.488, p < .001) and information quality (r = 0.396, p < .001) are important for purchase intention.

    “Among website characteristics, both website design (r = 0.488, p <.001) and information quality (r = 0.396, p <.001) are important.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    All relationships in the MASEM were significant except for the influence of enjoyment and perceived ease of use on purchase intention and the influence of gender on purchase behavior.

    “All relationships were significant except for the influence of enjoyment and perceived ease of use on purchase intention and the influence of gender on purchase behavior.”
    • Also stated in: § Consumer-Channel Interaction · plain
      “In the MASEM analysis, the effect of enjoyment on intention is not significant.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Masculinity negatively acts on system security-purchase intention and information quality-purchase intention relationships.

    “Finally, masculinity negatively acts on system security-purchase intention and information quality-purchase intention relationships.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: The effect of continuous moderators (Hofstede's cultural dimensions and year of publication) on bivariate relationships is linear.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Purchase intention is the strongest predictor of purchase behavior (r = 0.453, p < .001), followed by previous experience (r = 0.414, p < .001) and perceived behavioral control (r = 0.232, p < .001).

    “In turn, purchase intention is the strongest predictor of purchase behavior (r = 0.453, < 0.001), followed by previous experience (r = 0.414, p <.001), and perceived behavioral control (r = 0.232, p <.001).”
    • Also stated in: § Consumer Characteristics · plain
      “The link between purchase intention and behavior is significant and relevant.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Indulgence negatively moderates the links between privacy concerns and purchase intention, website design and purchase intention, and information quality and purchase intention.

    “Indulgence shapes three relationships: as it increases, the links between privacy concerns and purchase intention, website design and purchase intention, and information quality and purchase intention decrease.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: The effect of continuous moderators (Hofstede's cultural dimensions and year of publication) on bivariate relationships is linear.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Perceived ease of use significantly affects attitude and perceived usefulness; perceived usefulness positively affects attitude; attitude directly drives intention; and intention directly antecedents behavior.

    “Finally, according to TAM and the TPB, perceived ease of use significantly affects attitude (b = 0.088; p <.01) and perceived usefulness (b = 0.289; p <.01); perceived usefulness positively affects attitude (b = 0.088; p <.01); and attitude was a direct driver of intention (b = 0.149; p <.01) which, in turn, was a direct antecedent of behavior (b = 0.256; p <.01).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Subjective norm shows a significant positive impact on purchase intention (r = 0.412, p < .001), similar to the impact of innovativeness (r = 0.359, p < .001).

    “Subjective norm shows a significant positive impact (r = 0.412, p <.001), similar to the impact of innovativeness (r = 0.359, p <.001).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Perceived usefulness (r = 0.571, p < .001) and perceived ease of use (r = 0.449, p < .001) positively and significantly act on attitude.

    “In line with TAM, perceived usefulness (r = 0.571, p <.001) and perceived ease of use (r = 0.449, p <.001) positively and significantly act on attitude.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Research stream exerted the most influence on relationships; it acted on the link between attitude and purchase intention, convenience and purchase intention, privacy concerns and purchase intention, perceived ease of use and purchase behavior, perceived usefulness and purchase behavior, and perceived behavioral control and purchase behavior.

    “Among the methodological moderators, research stream exerted the most influence on relationships; it acted on the link between attitude and purchase intention, convenience and purchase intention, privacy concerns and purchase intention, perceived ease of use and purchase behavior, perceived usefulness and purchase behavior, and perceived behavioral control and purchase behavior (see Table 5 for”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    When respondents were not students, the effects of website design and perceived ease of use on purchase intention were stronger, while the effect of convenience on purchase intention decreased.

    “Specifically, when the respondents were not students, the effects of website design, and the perceived ease of use on purchase intention were stronger, while the effect of convenience on purchase intention decreased (Table 4).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Only age exerts a significant, even if weak, effect on purchase behavior (r = 0.079, p < .001); other control variables do not.

    “Finally, the effects of control variables are not equal: only age exerts a significant, even if weak, effect (r = 0.079, p <.001).”
    • Also stated in: § Consumer Characteristics · hedged
      “Age seems to have a significant effect on purchase behavior, but gender is irrelevant.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Perceived risk and privacy concerns are still a barrier to adoption, although their importance as evaluative criteria to select online shopping seems secondary.

    “Perceived risk and privacy concerns are still a barrier to adoption, although their importance as evaluative criteria to select online shopping seems secondary.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Privacy concerns have a negative but not significant effect on purchase intention, in contrast with the literature.

    “Our findings suggest that privacy concerns have a negative but not significant effect on purchase intention, in contrast with the literature.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    Social influence, trust, perceived behavioral control, previous experience with online shopping, and innovativeness have considerable influence on online shopping behaviors.

    “Other elements like social influence, trust, perceived behavioral control, previous experience with online shopping, and innovativeness have considerable influence on online shopping behaviors.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    Some overlap was found between system security and privacy concerns.

    “For example, some overlap was found between system security and privacy concerns, as recognized in previous studies (Hsu et al., 2014;Pavlou & Fygenson, 2006).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Hsu et al., 2014 source
    • cites Pavlou & Fygenson, 2006 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Younger and female consumers may show more favorable attitudes toward online shopping, but gender does not predict purchase intention, while age impacts purchase intention very weakly and lower than other important predictors.

    “Even though younger and female consumers may show more favorable attitudes toward online shopping, gender does not predict purchase intention, while age impacts but very weakly and certainly lower than other important predictors.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Long-term orientation did not significantly moderate any of the hypothesized relationships, while the other cultural traits moderated some relationships.

    “Long-term orientation did not significantly moderate any of the hypothesized relationships, while the other cultural traits moderated some relationships.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The cultural dimensions used (e.g., power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance) are valid and comparable across the countries in the included studies.

  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    Where power distance is greater, innovativeness and convenience exert a greater effect on intention; and in cultures with higher uncertainty avoidance, perceived usefulness and subjective norm exert a greater effect.

    “where power distance is greater, innovativeness and convenience exert a greater effect on intention”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The cultural dimensions used (e.g., power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance) are valid and comparable across the countries in the included studies.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Previous experience and intention are the main drivers of channel choice behavior.

    “Conversely, consistent with the literature (e.g., Bhatti & Rehman, 2020;Celik, 2016;Lennon et al., 2007), previous experience and intention are the main drivers of behavior.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Bhatti & Rehman, 2020 source
    • cites Celik, 2016 source
    • cites Lennon et al., 2007 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The next strongest drivers of intention to choose an online channel are convenience, perceived utility, and website design.

    “The next strongest drivers are convenience, perceived utility, and website design.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The results on the moderating role of cultural dimensions display relatively few significant effects, which differ greatly in magnitude and consistency across drivers.

    “Fifth, the results on the moderating role of cultural dimensions display relatively few significant effects, which also differ greatly in magnitude and consistency across drivers.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The cultural dimensions used (e.g., power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance) are valid and comparable across the countries in the included studies.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    Previous experience is relevant on purchase behavior in the online context.

    “Given the relevance of previous experience on purchase behavior in the online context”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Socio-demographic characteristics show little to no systematic effects on channel choice behavior; the effect of gender is not significant and that of age is very weak.

    “Fourth, regarding the effects on channel choice behavior, socio-demographic characteristics show little to no systematic effects (the effect of gender is not significant, while that of age is very weak).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Perceived risk has been heavily investigated, resulting mostly in a significant negative impact on intention to buy and insignificant in other cases.

    “Perceived risk has been heavily investigated, resulting mostly in a significant negative impact on intention to buy (e.g., Chang et al., 2016;Kim et al., 2008;Lian & Yen, 2014;Pavlou, 2003;Vila & Kuster, 2012) and insignificant in other cases (e.g., Faqih, 2016;Gupta & Kim, 2010;Jarvenpaa et al., 2000;Kim & Gupta, 2009).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Chang et al., 2016 source
    • cites Kim et al., 2008 source
    • cites Pavlou, 2003 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Perceived behavioral control predicts behavioral intentions, together with attitude and subjective norm, as well as actual behavior.

    “Perceived behavioral control predicts behavioral intentions, together with attitude and subjective norm, as well as actual behavior (Ajzen, 1985).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Ajzen, 1985 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    TAM has been successfully applied in many areas, including e-commerce, and has been shown to be a parsimonious yet robust model of technology acceptance behaviors.

    “TAM has been successfully applied in many areas, including e-commerce (e.g., Devaraj et al., 2002;Gefen & Straub, 2003;Lin, 2007;Pavlou, 2003), and it has been shown to be a parsimonious yet robust model of technology acceptance behaviors.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Devaraj et al., 2002 source
    • cites Gefen & Straub, 2003

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Pavlou, 2003 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Subjective norm's impact on online purchase intention has been mixed and not always significant.

    “Its impact on online purchase intention has been mixed, however, and not always significant (e.g., Pavlou & Fygenson, 2006;Hsu et al., 2006;Lin, 2007;Lian & Yen, 2014).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Pavlou & Fygenson, 2006 source
    • cites Hsu et al., 2006 source
    • cites Lin, 2007 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Some studies indicated that women are more likely to buy home furnishings, apparel, and jewelry online.

    “In contrast, some studies indicated that women are more likely to buy home furnishings, apparel, and jewelry online, representing an important online shopper segment for these items (e.g., Goldsmith & Goldsmith, 2002).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Goldsmith & Goldsmith, 2002 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Type of product influences both the choice of channel and the transaction process in the virtual environment.

    “Type of product influences both the choice of channel (e.g., Bouwman & Van De Wijngaert, 2003) and the transaction process in the virtual environment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Bouwman & Van De Wijngaert, 2003

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Country plays a crucial role in the consumer decision-making process because it defines the territorial boundaries from which culture originates.

    “Country plays a crucial role in the consumer decision-making process because it defines the territorial boundaries from which culture originates (i.e., history, geography, political vision, technology, and social institutions) (Cateora et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Cateora et al., 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisenone given

    Findings on demographic variables are mixed, and no consensus exists about the relationship between shoppers' demographic profiles and their attitudes toward online shopping, purchase intentions, and behaviors.

    “However, findings on demographic variables are mixed, and no consensus exists about the relationship between shoppers' demographic profiles and their attitudes toward online shopping, purchase intentions, and behaviors.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    Publication bias was addressed by computing the fail-safe N for the correlation coefficients.

    “Finally, publication bias was addressed by computing the fail-safe N for the correlation coefficients (Hunter & Schmidt, 2004;Rosenthal, 1979), which reports the number of field effect sizes or the tolerance for future null results, to check whether a publication bias affected our results.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Hunter & Schmidt, 2004

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Rosenthal, 1979 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Culture influences purchasing behavior, hierarchy of needs, interpretation of needs and desires, preferences, and consumption habits.

    “Culture influences purchasing behavior, hierarchy of needs, interpretation of needs and desires, preferences, and consumption habits (Alon et al., 2016).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Alon et al., 2016 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The decision to include a specific study was based on three criteria: it must empirically investigate consumer behavior in online platforms, reporting on one or more antecedent factors of online shopping by consumers; examine constructs such as attitude, purchase intention, and purchase behavior; and consider relevant effect sizes such as correlation coefficients or other metrics convertible into,

    “The decision to include a specific study was based on three criteria: it must (1) empirically investigate consumer behavior in online platforms, reporting on one or more antecedent factors of online shopping by consumers; (2) examine constructs such as attitude, purchase intention, and purchase behavior; and (3) consider relevant effect sizes, such as correlation coefficients or other metrics that”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Coding was done by three coders using the same construct definitions, and the intercoder overall agreement was 0.97.

    “Coding was done by three coders using the same construct definitions described in the taxonomy (see Table 1).All articles were coded by each of the coders; the intercoder overall agreement was 0.97.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Studies suggest that younger consumers are more knowledgeable about the internet and end-user computing, and they show more favorable attitudes and intentions toward online shopping.

    “Studies suggest that younger consumers are more knowledgeable about the internet and end-user computing, and they show more favorable attitudes and intentions toward online shopping, supporting the notion that innovators tend to be younger (Rogers, 1995;Teo, 2001).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Rogers, 1995

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Teo, 2001 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Any inconsistency in coding was resolved through discussion until a final consensus was reached.

    “Any inconsistency in coding was resolved through discussion until a final consensus was reached.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    A considerable body of empirical research suggests that demographics may be related to shopping behaviors in both traditional and virtual environments.

    “A considerable body of empirical research suggests that demographics may be related to shopping behaviors in both traditional and virtual environments (Chang et al., 2005;Pan & Zinkhan, 2006).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Chang et al., 2005 source
    • cites Pan & Zinkhan, 2006 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Chiu et al. (2009) identified product type as a potential moderator, and Singh and Srivastava (2018) demonstrated the moderating effect of product type on the online medium, specifically on the relationship between perceived usefulness and purchase intention.

    “Chiu et al. (2009) identified product type as a potential moderator, and Singh and Srivastava (2018) demonstrated the moderating effect of product type on the online medium, specifically on the relationship between perceived usefulness and purchase intention.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Chiu et al., 2009 source
    • cites Singh and Srivastava, 2018 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    Studies on online shopping mainly adopt surveys methods to collect data and test the relationships among variables.

    “Studies on online shopping mainly adopt surveys methods to collect data and test the relationships among variables.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    These factors (search intention, assortment and product quality, brand name, exchange/return policies) have not received sufficient attention from researchers yet.

    “These factors have not received sufficient attention from researchers yet.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Consumers displaying higher degrees of innovativeness are more likely to shop online and to stimulate others to buy.

    “Consumers displaying higher degrees of innovativeness are not only more likely to shop online, but also to stimulate others to buy (Goldenberg et al., 2009), which is crucial given the influence of previous experiences on future purchases and subjective norms on purchase intention.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Goldenberg et al., 2009 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    A meta-analysis is constrained to examining moderating elements that can be coded from the extant literature.

    “A metaanalysis is constrained to examining moderating elements that can be coded from the extant literature.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    A customer's buying decision process is affected over time.

    “However, a customer's buying decision process is affected over time.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Variations in the definitions of independent variables and some interdependency among them may have affected the findings.

    “Variations in the definitions of independent variables and some interdependency among them may also have affected the findings.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    This study considered trust in general terms, without distinguishing among the recipients of trust (channel, store, retailer).

    “This study considered trust in general terms, without distinguishing among the recipients of trust (channel, store, retailer).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Meta-analysis is limited by the quality and availability of its foundation.

    “As is widely recognized in the literature (Cooper et al., 2009;Hunter & Schmidt, 2004), meta-analysis is limited by the quality and availability of its foundation, which should be borne in mind when interpreting the findings.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Cooper et al., 2009

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Hunter & Schmidt, 2004

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Website design can create positive emotional effects and please the customer.

    “Our findings underline that website design can create positive emotional effects and please the customer.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    A reliance on cross-sectional data naturally arises from the unavailability of time series data.

    “A reliance on cross-sectional data naturally arises from the unavailability of time series data.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The focus of the present meta-analysis is online shopping on traditional devices (i.e., desktop), ignoring other important phenomena such as mobile and social commerce, channel choice, and migration between traditional and online channels.

    “Finally, the focus of the present meta-analysis is online shopping on traditional devices (i.e., desktop), ignoring other important phenomena such as mobile and social commerce, channel choice, and migration between traditional and online channels.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Our meta-analysis considered only traditional devices (i.e., desktop) as tools for online shopping.

    “Our meta-analysis considered only traditional devices (i.e., desktop) as tools for online shopping.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    This meta-analysis provides important generalizations on the drivers of choice of the online channel by consumers, revealing the different impacts of predictors and the moderators of this impact, and highlighting the intricate and multifaceted nature of the e-commerce phenomenon.

    “To conclude, this meta-analysis provides important generalizations on the drivers of choice of the online channel by consumers, revealing the different impacts of predictors and the moderators of this impact, and highlighting the intricate and multifaceted nature of the e-commerce phenomenon.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The studies included in the meta-analysis are a representative sample of the population of studies on online shopping adoption.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The results on privacy concerns, system security, and perceived risk suggest that consumers are beginning to develop greater confidence in e-commerce sites and greater security in their use.

    “Hence, the results on privacy concerns, system security, and perceived risk seem to show that the consumer is beginning to develop greater confidence in e-commerce sites and greater security in their use.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
63 of 63

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    The effect of continuous moderators (Hofstede's cultural dimensions and year of publication) on bivariate relationships is linear.

    “For continuous moderators (Hofstede's cultural dimensions and year of publication), meta-regressions (Bijmolt & Pieters, 2001;Konstantopoulos, 2011) were performed to estimate and test the linear effect of the moderators on considered bivariate relationships.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Constructs with different names in the primary studies that were merged into a single construct are equivalent.

    “Since a multitude of constructs were investigated in the selected studies, variables with different names could have similar meaning; such constructs were merged in accordance with the terminology most commonly used in the literature and consistent with the variables in the proposed model, leading to the development of a single definition for each construct.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    As e-commerce is an increasingly consolidated reality, more companies own their online sales channel and more consumers shop online.

    “As e-commerce is an increasingly consolidated reality, more and more companies own their online sales channel and more and more consumers shop online.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The studies included in the meta-analysis are a representative sample of the population of studies on online shopping adoption.

    “By synthesizing the literature on drivers of online shopping in a formal way, our meta-analysis gauges the current level of knowledge and provides generalizations on the strength of the most important drivers and the conditions that moderate these relationships.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The cultural dimensions used (e.g., power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance) are valid and comparable across the countries in the included studies.

    “The results of the moderation analysis show that in more individualistic, indulgent, and masculine cultures, predictors related to website characteristics, such as security, information quality, and privacy, have lower effects.”
5 of 5

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Reported annual article average conflicts with the article count

    Minor

    The paper reports 224 articles from 1999 through 2020, a 22-year period. That is about 10.2 articles per year, not 4.5.

  • Age does not have high heterogeneity

    Minor

    The claim that heterogeneity is high for every relationship conflicts with Table 2's age-purchase behavior result: its I2 is 0.093, far below the values reported for the other relationships.

2 of 2

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 149 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. Bouwman, H., & Van De Wijngaert, L. (2003). eCommerce B2C Research in Context: Policy Capturing, Channel Choice and Customer Value. BLED 2003 Proceedings, 20.
  2. Davis, F.D. (1986). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: Theory and results(Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
  3. Klopping, 2004, Extending the technology acceptance model and the task-technology fit model to consumer e-commerce, Information Technology, Learning & Performance Journal, 22
  4. Nadeem, 2012, Affinity with computers and perceived trustworthiness as determinants of internet purchase in fashion outlets, Actual Problems of Economics, 130, 350
  5. Ramayah, 2005, Impact of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment on intention to shop online, ICFAI Journal of Systems Management (IJSM), 3, 36
  6. Sachdeva, 2018, Factors Affecting Usage of E-Commerce: A Study of Haryana Region, Anwesh, International Journal of Management and Information Technology, 3, 17
  7. Wothke, 1993, Nonpositive Definite Matrices in Structural Modeling, Sage Focus Editions, 154
  8. Wu, L., Yin, S., & Du, L. (2008) An Empirical Study on Online Shopping Intention of Chinese City Consumers. In Proceedings of 2008 International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications for Business Engineering and Science (Vol. 1).
  9. Zhang, J. (2010). Research on the Online Shopping and Influencing Factors: Samples from Undergraduate Students in Zhengzhou City. In NINTH WUHAN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-BUSINESS (Vol. I-III, pp. 340–344).

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Zerbini, C., Bijmolt, T. H. A., Maestripieri, S., & Luceri, B.
Affiliations
  • University of Parma (IT)
  • University of Groningen (NL)
Corresponding author
Luceri, Beatrice
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Research in Marketing
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-12
Volume
39
Issue
4
Pages
1186-1208
ISSN
0167-8116 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ijresmar.2022.04.003
OpenAlex
W4224703923
Cited by
68
References
149
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 3
FWCI
2.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Research in Marketing (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior and Marketing Influence
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Marketing and Social Media
Keywords
e-commerce adoption, online shopping, consumer purchase intention, technology acceptance model, theory of planned behavior, website characteristics, convenience, consumer attitudes, cultural values, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, indulgences, masculinity, social influence, online shopping behavior

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-10.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-10.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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