Cited by 566Diabetes and associated disordersGenetic Associations and EpidemiologyT-cell and B-cell Immunology

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Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes

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Todd, John A.·2010·Immunity

DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.04.001

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Abstract

Recent genetic mapping and gene-phenotype studies have revealed the genetic architecture of type 1 diabetes. At least ten genes so far can be singled out as strong causal candidates. The known functions of these genes indicate the primary etiological pathways of this disease, including HLA class II and I molecules binding to preproinsulin peptides and T cell receptors, T and B cell activation, innate pathogen-viral responses, chemokine and cytokine signaling, and T regulatory and antigen-presenting cell functions. This review considers research in the field of type 1 diabetes toward identifying disease mechanisms using genetic approaches. The expression and functions of these pathways, and, therefore, disease susceptibility, will be influenced by epigenetic and environmental factors. Certain inherited immune phenotypes will be early precursors of type 1 diabetes and could be useful in future clinical trials.

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Authors: Todd, J. A.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author: Todd, John A.
ORCID: Todd, John A.
Venue: Immunity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-04
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Pages: 457-467
ISSN: 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.04.001
OpenAlex: W1997112242
Cited by: 560
References: 120
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 59
FWCI: 5.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1239 d)
Locations: Immunity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (061858)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0508-10275)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords: type 1 diabetes, genetic etiology, HLA class II, HLA class I, T cell receptor, T cell activation, B cell activation, innate immune response, viral infection, chemokine signaling, cytokine signaling, regulatory T cells, antigen-presenting cells, epigenetic factors, environmental factors, disease susceptibility, gene mapping, genotype-phenotype correlation
MeSH terms: Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Phenotype, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Epigenesis, Genetic

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