Exploring the key parameters for indoor light intervention measures in promoting mental health: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Indoor lighting can regulate human mood and sleep, further alleviating mental disorder symptoms. Indoor light intervention (ILI) has been demonstrated as therapeutic for mental disease but lacks standardized guidelines for key parameter settings. This review aims to explore the optimal parameters for widely utilized ILI. We conducted a thorough review of research articles published from 1990 to 2023 in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases following the PRISMA guidance. Out of a total of 95728 records, 40 eligible studies were analyzed. We subsequently empirically summarized the ILI’s key parameters (i.e., wavelength, illuminance, and exposure time) into each category and compared the therapeutic effects among different ILI groups within each category. Furthermore, we conducted a multivariate model analysis to identify the optimal parameters further while controlling for confounding factors. Results indicate that ILI was mainly used for treating depressive disorders, accounting for 88% of the included articles. Notably, 450 – 550 nm peak wavelength light exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy compared to other wavelengths. Light illuminance within 2500 – 10000 lux correlated significantly and positively with efficacy. Morning ILI appeared more effective than evening ILI, and the efficacy increased with the number of treatment days. Optimizing light wavelength, illuminance, and exposure time of indoor light intervention can significantly enhance its therapeutic effects on mental illness. Our review provides a fundamental reference for improving the use of indoor light intervention in treating mental disorders and optimizing indoor lighting design for a healthy indoor environment.
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Current practice shows positive results in ocular light exposure interventions based on bright white light, intensities ranging from 2,500 to 10,000 lux for 30 minutes to two hours daily, sustained over two to four weeks.
“Current practice shows positive results in ocular light exposure interventions based on a set of factors: bright 'white' light, intensities ranging from 2,500 to 10,000 lux for 30 minutes to two hours daily, sustained over two to four weeks [46, 63].”
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Huang, Y., Hu, Z., Li, J., & Dai, Q. (2023) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110559 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Treating winter depressive episodes in bipolar disorder: an open trial of light therapy
van Hout, L. J. E., Rops, L., & Simons, C. J. P. (2020) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40345-020-00182-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
What Is Mental Health? Who Are Mentally Healthy?
Alonso, A. (1960) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/002076406000600318 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Update on the Positive Effects of Light in Humans
Roberts, J. E. (2005) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1562/2004-12-02-ir-391 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Assessment of Blue Light Phototherapy for Grover Disease
Olagbenro, M. O., Ravi, S., Myers, D., Lin, D., Woodburn, W., Walter, J. R., & Xu, S. (2022) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.4491 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mylona, I., & Floros, G. D. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11051380 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Murukesu, R. R., Alkaff, Z. A., Bridges, C., & Spitschan, M. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd016157 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Viewing art as a pathway to psychological well‐being and physical health
Stellar, J. E., Priewe, S., Lidhar, N. K., & Martin, L. (2026) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.70131 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Efectos de la luz solar en la salud mental y el estado de ánimo en adultos jóvenes
Aparicio, A. (2026) · Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades · doi:10.5377/csh.vi9.23459
- Authors
- Wang, C., Su, K., Hu, L., Wu, S., Zhan, Y., Yang, C., & Xiang, J.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xiang, Jianbang
- Venue
- Indoor Environments
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-06
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 100015
- ISSN
- 2950-3620 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4394988269
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 0.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Indoor Environments (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex (SCAPC202106)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Sun Yat-sen University (BZ0344KF21-05, 23hytd005)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (RLZY20231001-04)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- phototherapy, mental health, depression, light wavelength, illuminance, exposure time, circadian timing, interior lighting design, mood regulation, sleep regulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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