Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Properties
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The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the primary circadian pacemaker in mammals. Individual SCN neurons in dispersed culture can generate independent circadian oscillations of clock gene expression and neuronal firing. However, SCN rhythmicity depends on sufficient membrane depolarization and levels of intracellular calcium and cAMP. In the intact SCN, cellular oscillations are synchronized and reinforced by rhythmic synaptic input from other cells, resulting in a reproducible topographic pattern of distinct phases and amplitudes specified by SCN circuit organization. The SCN network synchronizes its component cellular oscillators, reinforces their oscillations, responds to light input by altering their phase distribution, increases their robustness to genetic perturbations, and enhances their precision. Thus, even though individual SCN neurons can be cell-autonomous circadian oscillators, neuronal network properties are integral to normal function of the SCN.
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Dissociated suprachiasmatic nucleus cells remain rhythmic in culture, showing that rhythmicity is a cellular property.
“Moreover, dissociated SCN cells also remain rhythmic in culture, showing that rhythmicity is a cellular property (27).”
From Role of the circadian system in cardiovascular disease (2018) · cites this paper as [27]
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Dibner, C., Schibler, U., & Albrecht, U. (2010) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135821 · Cited by 2,421 · see citing works
Central and Peripheral Circadian Clocks in Mammals
Mohawk, J. A., Green, C. B., & Takahashi, J. S. (2012) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153128 · Cited by 2,265 · see citing works
Self-citationCircadian physiology of metabolism
Panda, S. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aah4967 · Cited by 1,092 · see citing works
Neural Circuitry of Wakefulness and Sleep
Scammell, T. E., Arrigoni, E., & Lipton, J. O. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.014 · Cited by 966 · see citing works
Timing to perfection: the biology of central and peripheral circadian clocks
Albrecht, U. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.006 · Cited by 915 · see citing works
SIRT1 Mediates Central Circadian Control in the SCN by a Mechanism that Decays with Aging
Chang, H.-C., & Guarente, L. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.027 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Crosstalk between components of circadian and metabolic cycles in mammals
Asher, G., & Schibler, U. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.01.006 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
FGF21 regulates metabolism and circadian behavior by acting on the nervous system
Bookout, A. L., de Groot, M. H. M., Owen, B. M., Lee, S., Gautron, L., Lawrence, H. L., Ding, X., Elmquist, J. K., Takahashi, J. S., Mangelsdorf, D. J., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3249 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Self-citationLinking neural activity and molecular oscillations in the SCN
Colwell, C. S. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3086 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Role of the circadian system in cardiovascular disease
Thosar, S. S., Butler, M. P., & Shea, S. A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci80590 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal single-cell analysis of gene expression in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus
Wen, S., Ma, D., Zhao, M., Xie, L., Wu, Q., Gou, L., Zhu, C., Fan, Y., Wang, H., & Yan, J. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0586-x · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Sex differences in circadian timing systems: implications for disease
Bailey, M., & Silver, R. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.11.003 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms, time-restricted feeding, and healthy aging
Manoogian, E. N. C., & Panda, S. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.12.006 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Hu, Y., Shmygelska, A., Tran, D., Eriksson, N., Tung, J. Y., & Hinds, D. A. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10448 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Circadian Clock Control of Liver Metabolic Functions
Reinke, H., & Asher, G. (2016) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.11.043 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Insulin/IGF-1 Drives PERIOD Synthesis to Entrain Circadian Rhythms with Feeding Time
Crosby, P., Hamnett, R., Putker, M., Hoyle, N. P., Reed, M., Karam, C. J., Maywood, E. S., Stangherlin, A., Chesham, J. E., Hayter, E. A., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.017 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Crosstalk between the circadian clock circuitry and the immune system
Cermakian, N., Lange, T., Golombek, D., Sarkar, D., Nakao, A., Shibata, S., & Mazzoccoli, G. (2013) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.782315 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Circadian rhythm and the gut microbiome
Voigt, R. M., Forsyth, C. B., Green, S. J., Engen, P. A., & Keshavarzian, A. (2016) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2016.07.002 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Daily eating patterns and their impact on health and disease
Zarrinpar, A., Chaix, A., & Panda, S. (2016) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2015.11.007 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Evidence for Neuronal Desynchrony in the Aged Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Clock
Farajnia, S., Michel, S., Deboer, T., vanderLeest, H. T., Houben, T., Rohling, J. H. T., Ramkisoensing, A., Yasenkov, R., & Meijer, J. H. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0469-12.2012 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Molecular components of the circadian clock in mammals
Takahashi, J. S. (2015) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12514 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationMeléndez-Fernández, O. H., Liu, J. A., & Nelson, R. J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24043392 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Landgraf, D., Long, J. E., Proulx, C. D., Barandas, R., Malinow, R., & Welsh, D. K. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.1050 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationCellular Circadian Clocks in Mood Disorders
McCarthy, M. J., & Welsh, D. K. (2012) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730412456367 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationVadnie, C. A., & McClung, C. A. (2017) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2017/1504507 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism
Zadeh-Haghighi, H., & Simon, C. (2022) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2022.0325 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Lee, I. T., Chang, A. S., Manandhar, M., Shan, Y., Fan, J., Izumo, M., Ikeda, Y., Motoike, T., Dixon, S., Seinfeld, J. E., et al. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.006 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, G., & Cai, D. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00196.2011 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Whittaker, D. S., Akhmetova, L., Carlin, D., Romero, H., Welsh, D. K., Colwell, C. S., & Desplats, P. (2023) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.014 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationFabbian, F., Smolensky, M. H., Tiseo, R., Pala, M., Manfredini, R., & Portaluppi, F. (2013) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.715872 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The circadian clock and glucocorticoids – interactions across many time scales
Dickmeis, T., Weger, B. D., & Weger, M. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.012 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
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Direct Midbrain Dopamine Input to the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Accelerates Circadian Entrainment
Grippo, R. M., Purohit, A. M., Zhang, Q., Zweifel, L. S., & Güler, A. D. (2017) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.084 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Daily and seasonal adaptation of the circadian clock requires plasticity of the SCN neuronal network
Meijer, J. H., Michel, S., VanderLeest, H. T., & Rohling, J. H. T. (2010) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07522.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Khan, A. R., & Kauffman, A. S. (2012) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02162.x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Androgens modulate structure and function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus brain clock
Karatsoreos, I. N., Butler, M. P., LeSauter, J., & Silver, R. (2011) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-1398 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Lhx1 maintains synchrony among circadian oscillator neurons of the SCN
Hatori, M., Gill, S., Mure, L. S., Goulding, M., O'Leary, D. D. M., & Panda, S. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.03357 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Ube3a Imprinting Impairs Circadian Robustness in Angelman Syndrome Models
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Chronobiology and obesity: Interactions between circadian rhythms and energy regulation
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Neuropeptidergic control of sleep and wakefulness
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Circadian Redox and Metabolic Oscillations in Mammalian Systems
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In synch but not in step: Circadian clock circuits regulating plasticity in daily rhythms
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The antidepressant effect of light therapy from retinal projections.
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Integration of Circadian and Metabolic Control of Reproductive Function
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Central Circadian Clock Regulates Energy Metabolism
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Antibodies for assessing circadian clock proteins in the rodent suprachiasmatic nucleus
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The Liver in the Eyes of a Chronobiologist
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A "Timed" Kiss Is Essential for Reproduction: Lessons from Mammalian Studies
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Metabolism as an integral cog in the mammalian circadian clockwork
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Temperatures to Communicate By
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Large-scale functional brain networks for consciousness
Han, M.-E., Park, S. Y., & Oh, S.-O. (2021) · Anatomy & Cell Biology · doi:10.5115/acb.20.305 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Wang, C., Su, K., Hu, L., Wu, S., Zhan, Y., Yang, C., & Xiang, J. (2024) · Indoor Environments · doi:10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100015 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Welsh, D. K., Takahashi, J. S., & Kay, S. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Physiology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2010-03-17
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 551-577
- ISSN
- 0066-4278 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-1585
- PMC
- PMC3758475
- OpenAlex
- W2108130957
- Cited by
- 1,216
- References
- 213
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 87 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 79
- FWCI
- 7.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health (5p50mh074924-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH51573, P50 MH-074924, R01MH082945, R01MH051573, R01MH078024)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- suprachiasmatic nucleus, circadian pacemaker, neuronal network synchronization, clock gene expression, circadian rhythm, intracellular calcium, cyclic AMP, synaptic input, light input, phase distribution, neuronal firing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Clocks, Circadian Rhythm, Drosophila, Hormones, Humans, Light, Nerve Net, Neurons, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Photoperiod
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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