The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 29 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
Open accessAbstract
In the last three decades, an influential research stream has emerged which highlights the dynamics of focal consumer/brand relationships. Specifically, more recently the ‘consumer brand engagement’ (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers’ particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including ‘involvement.’ However, despite the growing scholarly interest regarding the undertaking of marketing research addressing ‘engagement,’ studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature, thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date. By developing and validating a CBE scale in specific social media settings, we address this identified literature gap. Specifically, we conceptualize CBE as a consumer's positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions. We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation. Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale, which we proceed to validate within a nomological net of conceptual relationships and a rival model. The findings suggest that while consumer brand ‘involvement’ acts as a CBE antecedent, consumer ‘self-brand connection’ and ‘brand usage intent’ represent key CBE consequences, thus providing a platform for further research…
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49 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Sources not found · 8 Own method · 7 No basis given · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“the qualitative study shows consumer conceptions of CBE are aligned with key findings addressing the 'engagement' concept in prior research (Brodie et al. 2011;Leeflang 2011).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The available Abstract describes the formalization of marketing and future developments, while the metadata lists customer engagement only as a keyword. Searches for consumer conceptions of CBE, qualitative findings, and the engagement concept found no passage addressing whether those conceptions align with prior research. (LLM, conf=0.71)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In an additional EFA including only the 10 retained CBE items, the scree plot and the eigen values exceeding 1.0 concurred in suggesting the suitability of a threefactor solution for CBE, which explained 69.63% of the total variance.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these brands, the respondents exhibited a substantially lower willingness to exert cognitive, emotional or behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“we observed the scree in the scree plot at three factors; thus corresponding to our hypothesized three-factor model of CBE.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cattell 1966 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the re-estimated model were as follows: χ 2 (53) = 464.9(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 8.72, GFI = .865;CFI = .922;RMSEA = .118;and SRMR = .048;thus indicating a worse fit, relative to the three-factor model.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the audio recorded findings suggested that consumers predominantly equated their 'engagement' with their selected brands to specific brand interactions.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while consumer brand 'involvement' acts as a CBE antecedent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the results indicated that for perceived 'highly engaging' brands consumers, typically, appeared willing to exert considerable cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
“we propose three CBE dimensions, which correspond to the generic cognitive, emotional and behavioral nature of 'engagement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“As such, this research responds directly to the Marketing Science Institute's (MSI 2010), Leeflang's (2011), and Brodie et al.'s (2011) call for the undertaking of 'engagement'-based scale development research.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MSI 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang (2011) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The indexed Abstract describes a broad agenda for developing marketing research, and the keywords include customer engagement. Searches for engagement-based scale development and customer-engagement measures returned no passage in our copy calling for that research; the retrieved text does not establish the specific attribution to Leeflang. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. (2011)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“resulting in a three-factor, 10-item CBE scale for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plainn = 200- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The item screening generated a reduced pool of 39 CBE items.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we retained 12 items for the 'cognitive processing,' 15 items for the 'affection,' and 12 items for the 'activation' dimensions of CBE for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reliability (internal consistency) analyses using Cronbach's alpha indicated the scale had good reliability: (i) Cognitive processing: .753;(ii) Affection: .839;(iii) Activation: .776;and (iv) Overall 10-item CBE scale: .823.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;(ii) Affection: .907; (iii) Activation: .894;and (iv) Overall CBE scale: .933.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The results in Figure 1 suggested excellent model fit (Iacobucci 2010: p. 91): χ 2 (32) = 97.994(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 3.06.Further, GFI = .968;CFI = .984;RMSEA = .061;and SRMR = .0278;thus corroborating the excellent model fit to the data”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The regression weights (βs) for each of the items onto their intended factor were significant (e.g.AFFECTION → AFFEC.1: .895);and all standardized coefficients .50;suggesting that each of the items should remain in the model”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, while we found consumers' brand-related 'affection' (.426) and 'activation' (.402) in specific consumer/brand interactions to exert a similar significant effect on individuals' ensuing 'brand usage intent,' consumers' level of 'cognitive processing' (.045) failed to produce a significant effect.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which indicated that discriminant validity was attained for 14 of the 15 possible construct pairs; that is, with the exception of COG.PROC.-AFFEC.(Table 5).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fornell and Larcker 1981a/b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each of the squared multiple correlations exceeded .50;also indicating good item reliability.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression coefficients indicated that each of the items made a significant contribution to the measurement of its intended construct, thus contributing to the model's convergent validity.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the calibration sample are: χ 2 (243) = 653.561(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 2.69, GFI = .824;CFI = .932;RMSEA = .078;and SRMR = .0616;the validation sample: χ 2 (243) = 666.7 (p=0.000);χ 2 /df = 2.77, GFI = .817;CFI = .938;RMSEA = .079;and SRMR = .0516.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
plainn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Highly similar results were attained across both sub-samples (Table 6), which also exhibited significant resemblance to the results for the full sample (Alwin and Jackson 1981).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Alwin and Jackson 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Fourth, 'engagement' plays a central role in a nomological net of focal conceptual relationships (Brodie et al. 2011)”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, study 3 confirmed the CBE scale representing a valid, reliable and stable measurement instrument.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“more recently the 'consumer brand engagement' (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers' particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including 'involvement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“'engagement' reflects a motivational state (Van Doorn et al. 2010), which occurs by virtue of an individual's (i.e. the 'engagement subject') focal interactive experiences with a particular object or agent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Van Doorn et al. 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature; thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and as such, may be useful for scholars and managers seeking to predict specific consumer behavior outcomes;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, this paper contributes insights regarding the potential role of CBE in the advancement of the broader theoretical perspectives of relationship marketing, S-D logic and consumer culture theory, which are centered upon the importance of establishing and maintaining value-laden, interactive and co-creative consumer/brand interactions and relationships.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, consumers' CBE levels with a focal brand may fluctuate: (i) During (i.e.within) a particular brand interaction; and (ii) Across brand interactions over time.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Contributions, Limitations & Implications Academic Implications
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, we expect managerial cultivation of CBE to generate enhanced consumer brand retention and loyalty outcomes.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Managerial Implications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Represents a promising, under-explored concept to date;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus indicating that not only does CBE have a positive effect on consumer 'self-brand connection,' but CBE explains most of the variance observed for this construct.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The selected social media brands (Facebook.com, Twitter.com, LinkedIn.com) are representative of social media contexts for studying CBE.
“Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
“we selected the brand Facebook.comfor investigation”
“we selected the social media brand Twitter.com for investigation”
The paper relies on this without support.
The causal direction is from consumer brand involvement through CBE to self-brand connection and brand usage intent, not the reverse.
“we identified a mediating effect of CBE in the association between consumer brand 'involvement' and 'brand usage intent.'”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nomological net includes all relevant mediating variables.
“which implies there are no omitted mediating variables, and the mediating hypotheses are supported.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 2: CBE Measurement Assessment & Scale Dimensionality
“We selected a social media setting in studies 1-3”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 1: Consumer Conceptions of 'Consumer Brand Engagement' (CBE)
“We instructed the participants to select a brand in any category that is 'highly engaging' to them”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.7396
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Affection | .84 | .85 | .76 | .57 | .74 | .46 | | Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 | | Connection | | | | | | | | Brand Usage | .67 | .64 | .74 | .70 | .67 | .76 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.5476
Citations
Cites
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
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Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,401–1,500 of 3,233
Influencing consumer engagement in online customer communities: The role of interactivity
Mpinganjira, M. (2016) · Acta Commercii · doi:10.4102/ac.v16i1.381 · Cited by 15
Khôi, N. H., & Le, A. N. H. (2025) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.4242 · Cited by 13
Nguyen, G.-T. (2025) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-08-2024-0609 · Cited by 13
Tran, G. A., Aboulnasr, K., & Song, Y. S. (2025) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.70024 · Cited by 14
“Engagement, defined as actions such as liking, sharing, and commenting on content, reflects a consumer's interaction with a brand or message on social networks (Hollebeek et al. 2014; Lou et al. 2019).”
Rehman, F. U., Zahid, H., Qayyum, A., & Jamil, R. A. (2025) · Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.3390/jtaer20030223 · Cited by 20
“Although previous research investigated community engagement [3] and user engagement [11], these perspectives overlook the complete conceptualization of CE, which includes cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects [13].”
Jiang, X., & Fan, X. (2025) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2025.105291 · Cited by 12
Zhao, Z., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Wang, B., & Guo, Y. (2021) · Engineering Economics · doi:10.5755/j01.ee.32.4.28060 · Cited by 13
Kumar, J. (2022) · Journal of Strategic Marketing · doi:10.1080/0965254x.2022.2063926 · Cited by 12
“However, a largely accepted conceptualization has termed CBE as the embodiment of three dimensions, viz., cognitive, affective, and behavioural (e.g. Dessart et al., 2016; Dwivedi, 2015; Harrigan et al., 2018; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Hollebeek, 2011a, 2011b; Khan et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialUnveiling the Customer Experience–Loyalty Nexus in Tourism During Crises
Rather, R. A., & Jaziri, D. (2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80117-632-320221026 · Cited by 12
Cai, J., Wu, J., Zhang, H., & Cai, Y. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15053953 · Cited by 12
“In addition, research has shown that consumer online brand engagement is an important strategic factor [17].”
BackgroundWaqas, M., & Najmi, A. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-26067-5 · Cited by 13
“Consumer engagement has been seen as a multidimensional construct with properties that vary with the context and the engagement object (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialJang, Y. J., & Kim, E. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15086410 · Cited by 19
Ghosh, D., & Dash, S. (2023) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-09-2022-0406 · Cited by 15
PhamThi, H., & Nghia, H. T. (2023) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2023.2292487 · Cited by 13
“Hollebeek et al. (2014) consider that customers’ interactive experiences with the brand develop customer self-brand connection.”
Lan, X., Song, B., & Kiousis, S. K. (2023) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2291612 · Cited by 15
“Engagement was assessed through nine items evaluating three psychological aspects: affective, cognitive, and behavioral (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Ki & Hon, 2007a; Kim & Drumwright, 2016).”
InfluentialExploring the Evolution of Brand Loyalty in the Age of Social Media
Hossain, M. Z., & Kibria, H. (2024) · Journal of Service Science and Management · doi:10.4236/jssm.2024.173011 · Cited by 28
Mahmoudian, A., Mohammadi, S., & Wang, W. (2024) · Journal of Global Sport Management · doi:10.1080/24704067.2024.2370582 · Cited by 12
“While engagement can refer to a psychological state or response (Hollebeek et al., 2014), in social media research, it primarily pertains to interaction with content (e.g. Harmeling et al., 2017; Santos et al., 2019; Schreiner et al., 2021).”
Optimizing marketing strategy: a video analysis approach
Agrawal, S. R., & Mittal, D. (2024) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-12-2023-0655 · Cited by 12
Feng, L., Ying, W., Zhang, Y., & Xu, F. Z. (2024) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2024.08.005 · Cited by 13
Consumer resistance to service robots: a stressor-based perspective on engagement and wellbeing
Wong, J., & Wong, A. (2024) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-02-2024-6600 · Cited by 13
Kapoor, P. S., Maggon, M., & Gangwani, K. K. (2024) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.70005 · Cited by 16
Perfect imperfection: Vulnerability in influencer communications on social media
Penttinen, V. (2025) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2025.2495330 · Cited by 19
“Engagement on social media encompasses various dimensions, including emotional, cognitive, and behavioural engagement (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
der Linden, S. V., Nimmegeers, S., Geskens, K., & Weijters, B. (2020) · Journal of service management · doi:10.1108/josm-10-2018-0346 · Cited by 11
Xu, X., Mei, Y., Sun, Y., & Zhu, X. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11094312 · Cited by 17
“According to the previous literature and our empirical results, only members who participate in interactions in depth and have high self-efficacy have the potential to become opinion leaders [55,64,65].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTourist-virtual assistant communication: the power of attachment and authenticity
Ferreira, M. M., Loureiro, S. M. C., Ashfaq, M., & Pereira, H. G. (2022) · Anatolia · doi:10.1080/13032917.2022.2096653 · Cited by 13
“Engagement behaviour is driven by individual needs (Hollebeek et al., 2014), pertaining to the utilitarian benefits derived from tourist-IVA engagement.”
BackgroundTrends and Perspectives of Romanian E-Commerce Sector Based on Mathematical Simulation
Florea, N. V., Ionescu, C. A., Duică, M. C., Căpuşneanu, S., Paschia, L., Stănescu, S. G., & Coman, M. D. (2022) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics11152295 · Cited by 12
“It also helps develop customer engagement [45] using online brand/community [46], online platform [47], or social media [48,49], revolutionize the method of communication and interaction [50], improve shopping intention [51], and improve meetings and social life [52].”
BackgroundGerou, A. (2022) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs12110419 · Cited by 17
“From the beginning of the 2010s up to now, customer engagement theory has flourished in the literature, with researchers acknowledging the customer’s contribution to the experience [33,34].”
BackgroundBrand systems: integrating branding research perspectives
Padela, S. M. F., Wooliscroft, B., & Ganglmair‐Wooliscroft, A. (2022) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-08-2021-0606 · Cited by 23
Malhotra, N., Frech, B., Leeflang, P. S. H., Kim, Y., & Higson, H. E. (2022) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-05-2021-0345 · Cited by 15
Overview of the brand journey and opportunities for future studies
Loureiro, S. M. C. (2023) · Italian Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1007/s43039-023-00069-0 · Cited by 25
“The multidimensional approach has been employed in latest studies (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Hwang et al., 2015; Prentice & Loureiro, 2018; Prentice et al., 2019).”
MethodHernani-Merino, M., Libaque-Sáenz, C. F., & Dávalos, J. (2023) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-12-2021-3799 · Cited by 15
Understanding customer brand engagement through service environment: a multilevel analysis
Satar, M. S., Rather, R. A., Parrey, S. H., Salem, I. E., Rafi, A., & Ghaderi, Z. (2023) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642069.2023.2289019 · Cited by 10
“Customer brand engagement (CBE) is de fi ned as ‘ a customer ’ s positively-valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional, and behavioral activity during [or related] to brand interaction ’ (Hollebeek et al., 2014, p. 154).”
Consumer Engagement in Online Settings: Conceptualization and Validation of Measurement Scales
Vinerean, S., & Opreana, A. (2015) · Expert Journal of Marketing · Cited by 12
VALUE CO-CREATION FOR MARKETING INNOVATION: COMPARATIVE STUDY IN THE SME COMMUNITY
Widjojo, H., Fontana, A., Gayatri, G., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1142/s1363919620500309 · Cited by 12
Santos, M. A. D., Velasco, F., & Campos, C. P. (2019) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/17430437.2019.1619700 · Cited by 12
Wiese, M., & Akareem, H. S. (2019) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/ebr-04-2018-0075 · Cited by 12
Enhancing Marketing Performance Through Enterprise-Initiated Customer Engagement
Marolt, M., Zimmermann, H., & Pucihar, A. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12093931 · Cited by 12
Zaidun, N. A., Muda, M., & Hashim, N. H. (2020) · ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL · doi:10.24191/abrij.v6i1.9942 · Cited by 15
“Meanwhile, engagement in marketing has been conducted in various contexts, including social media (Hollebeek et al., 2014), brand communities (Brodie, Ilic, Juric, & Hollebeek, 2013), tourism (So, King, & Sparks, 2014), nursing homes (Verleye, Gemmel, & Rangarajan, 2014), public transportation (Jaakkola & Alexander, 2…”
BackgroundInfluentialAi, J., Yan, L., Hu, Y., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.942078 · Cited by 17
Fashion Blog's Engagement in the Customer Decision Making Process
Sádaba, T., & Sanmiguel, P. (2016) · Advances in logistics, operations, and management science book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0110-7.ch009 · Cited by 13
Consumer climate change engagement in fostering well-being and mitigation behaviors
Schill, M., & Fosse‐Gomez, M. (2025) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115490 · Cited by 12
Customer Engagement in Virtual Tourism: Embracing Immersive Experience of Culture and Heritage
Sinha, N., Kapoor, G., & Kataria, N. (2025) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.70094 · Cited by 14
Alhomaid, A. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17188464 · Cited by 28
Customer Relationship Management: Past, Present, and Future
Reinartz, W. (2025) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2025.12.001 · Cited by 25
Zhang, S., de Jong, M. D. T., & Gosselt, J. F. (2022) · Journal of International Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1080/08961530.2022.2040073 · Cited by 11
“…are more likely to respond to messages of companies that matter to them; at the same time, people’s online engagement is assumed to enrich and reinforce their attitude toward and relationship with the company (Gómez, Lopez, and Molina 2019; Harrigan et al. 2018; Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAwareness of network security and customer value – The company and customer perspective
Krawczyk-Sokołowska, I., & Caputa, W. (2023) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122430 · Cited by 15
“(Hollebeek et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2018; Caputa et al., 2021) Consequently, customer behavior which consists in “ renewing purchases of a given brand, purchases from the same point of sale or from the same seller ” is considered loyal.”
BackgroundZou, Y., van Riel, A. C. R., Streukens, S., & Bloemer, J. M. M. (2021) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113824 · Cited by 14
Artificial Intelligence and Extended Reality in Luxury Fashion Retail: Analysis and Reflection
Loureiro, S. M. C. (2023) · Springer series on cultural computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27166-3_18 · Cited by 12
Explaining media effect of green advertising on audience attitude
Khandelwal, U., & Singh, T. P. (2023) · Society and Business Review · doi:10.1108/sbr-03-2022-0086 · Cited by 11
Albayrak, T., Davras, Ö., Caber, M., & Mikulić, J. (2024) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2024.2327077 · Cited by 13
“While the cognitive dimension indicates thought formation and engagement about the brand; the emotional dimension reflects positive feelings about the brand; and the behavioral dimension refers to energy and time devoted to the brand (L. D. Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
User Engagement and Beyond: A Conceptual Framework for Engagement in Information Systems Research
Benz, C., Riefle, L., & Satzger, G. (2024) · Communications of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1cais.05412 · Cited by 15
Company social irresponsibility and customer boycott intention in times of crisis
Keski̇n, H., Esen, E., & Bozkurt, S. (2024) · Journal of Marketing Analytics · doi:10.1057/s41270-024-00300-7 · Cited by 11
“Second, this paper expands on extant social media literature (Bozkurt et al. 2021, 2023; Hollebeek et al. 2014) by investigating and revealing the moderating role of companies’ impression management tactics in social media (Nie et al. 2022) by taking into account customers’ demographic (residency),…”
Kaur, T., & Kathuria, L. M. (2024) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-12-2023-0968 · Cited by 15
Impact of product vs brand storytelling on online customer experience
Garczarek-Bąk, U., Szymkowiak, A., Jaks, Z., & Janšto, E. (2024) · International Journal of Wine Business Research · doi:10.1108/ijwbr-07-2023-0041 · Cited by 11
Inward negative emotions and brand hate in users of snow-sports’ brands
Iranzo-Barreira, Á., Boluda, I. K., & Mafé, C. R. (2024) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-05-2023-4541 · Cited by 11
Hong, X., Zhang, H., Wu, W., & Wang, C. (2024) · Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism · doi:10.1080/1528008x.2024.2378716 · Cited by 13
“The effort and time consumers spend on tourism live-streaming interactions, including such behaviors as liking, sharing and commenting, are referred to as their behavioral engagement (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Cheng, X., Xiao-ping, Z., & Luo, X. R. (2024) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12553 · Cited by 11
“Engagement is a three-dimensional construct consisting of cognitive, affective, and actional engagement, with a focus on interactive experiences (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Smart service value: Conceptualization, scale development, and validation in the retailing context
Roy, S. K., Singh, G., Hollebeek, L. D., Shabnam, S., Japutra, A., Doorn, S. V., Ray, S., & Appio, F. P. (2024) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2024.103097 · Cited by 12
Self-citationCardoso, A., Pereira, M. S., da Silva, A., de Souza, A. N., Oliveira, I., & Figueiredo, J. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16219604 · Cited by 11
Guidelines for Developing a New Research Stream: Lessons from Customer Engagement Research
Brodie, R. J., Lim, W. M., Gandhi, S., & Manrai, A. K. (2024) · Journal of Global Marketing · doi:10.1080/08911762.2025.2441543 · Cited by 11
“…half, contributions from scholars including Roderick J. Brodie (e.g., Brodie et al., 2011, 2013), Linda D. Hollebeek (e.g., (Hollebeek, 2011, 2019; Hollebeek et al., 2014, 2016, 2019), V. Kumar (e.g., Kumar & Pansari, 2016; Kumar et al., 2010, 2019; Pansari & Kumar, 2017), Jenny Van Doorn (e.g.,…”
Self-citationKim, H. S., & Choi, B. (2024) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-06-2023-0504 · Cited by 12
Alhelaly, Y., Dhillon, G. S., & Oliveira, T. (2025) · Journal of Interactive Advertising · doi:10.1080/15252019.2024.2440318 · Cited by 15
“In advertising, engagement describes the interactive relationship between consumers and brands (G � omez, Lopez, and Molina 2019; Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014).”
Moisescu, O. I., Gică, O. A., Herle, F., Dan, I., & Sarstedt, M. (2025) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.22205 · Cited by 13
“Prior studies have shown that engagement with brands (Brodie et al. 2011; Hollebeek et al. 2014) as well as with specific social media brand pages (Brandão et al. 2019; Hamzah et al. 2021; Ibrahim and Aljarah 2024; Moisescu, Gic ă et al. 2022; Su et al. 2019), directly and positively affects…”
A Content Marketing Framework to Analyze Customer Engagement on Social Media
Balio, S., & Casais, B. (2019) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-2185-4.ch003 · Cited by 11
“Thus, it is crucial for brands to properly manage customer engagement (D. Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundEvolving Cross-Sector Collaboration in the Arts and Culture Sector: From Sponsorship to Partnership
Wang, Y., & Holznagel, K.-P. (2020) · Corporate Reputation Review · doi:10.1057/s41299-019-00093-x · Cited by 11
Conceptualising online fashion brand recognition: scale development and validation
Rahman, M. S., Hossain, M. A., Rushan, M. R. I., Hoque, M. T., & Hassan, H. (2020) · Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC · doi:10.1108/sjme-10-2019-0080 · Cited by 17
Anindyaputri, R., Rusmana, A., & Komariah, N. (2020) · Jurnal Kajian Informasi & Perpustakaan · doi:10.24198/jkip.v8i2.25919 · Cited by 11
“Menurut Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie (2014), customer engagement dapat dilihat dari 4 dimensi yang berbeda yaitu: a) absorption, menggambarkan ketika konsumen tertarik dan memperhatikan produk/jasa dan layanan tertentu; b) dedication, mengarah pada rasa kepemilikan di mana konsumen merasa senang…”
BackgroundChildren’s engagement with environmental issues
Schill, M., Muratore, I., & Hogg, M. K. (2022) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2022.2046626 · Cited by 11
“Consumer engagement comprises cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors (e.g. Dessart et al., 2016 and Hollebeek et al., 2014, for reviews), as well as social factors (Vivek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundXiong, N., Ren, P., Sun, B., He, S., Jiang, L., & Cui, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1033553 · Cited by 12
Li, K., & Shen, F. (2023) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2023.2168325 · Cited by 13
“Cognition, emotions, and behaviors are the three dimensions of engagement (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Goldring et al., 2022).”
BackgroundAmani, D. (2023) · FIIB Business Review · doi:10.1177/23197145231163442 · Cited by 12
“Hollebeek et al. (2014) argue that social media brand engagement leads to attitudinal behaviours such as brand knowledge, brand familiarity, brand loyalty, positive word of mouth and patronage.”
Invest in what you know? How customer investors react to corporate restatements
Clor-Proell, S. M., MacKenzie, N. L., Rennekamp, K. M., & Rupar, K. (2023) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/j.aos.2023.101496 · Cited by 11
Helal, G., & Ozuem, W. (2017) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-2697-1.ch016 · Cited by 11
The Difference a Smile Makes: Effective Use of Imagery by Children’s Nonprofit Organizations
Jordan, S. R., Rudeen, S., Hu, D., Diotalevi, J. L., Brown, F. I., Miskovic, P., Yang, H., Colonna, M., & Draper, D. (2018) · Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing · doi:10.1080/10495142.2018.1526739 · Cited by 11
Customer interaction in business relations: a meta-analysis approach
Nardi, V. A. M., Jardim, W. C., Ladeira, W. J., & Santini, F. D. O. (2019) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-11-2018-0531 · Cited by 11
Can Digital Engagement Transform the Performing Arts?
Ford, V., & Mandviwalla, M. (2020) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2020.526 · Cited by 13
“The sustained property broadens Hollebeek et al’s [23] conceptualization to include exchange before, during, and after interaction.”
BackgroundToo Real for Comfort: Measuring Consumers’ Augmented Reality Information Privacy Concerns
Lammerding, L., Hilken, T., Mahr, D., & Heller, J. (2021) · Progress in IS · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68086-2_8 · Cited by 14
Trajectory and Research Opportunities on Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Networking Sites
Nery, M. M. R., Sincorá, L. A., & Carneiro, T. C. J. (2021) · Journal of Internet Commerce · doi:10.1080/15332861.2021.1950328 · Cited by 10
“This definition recognizes the three-dimensional aspect of CBE, in line with previous researchers (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014; Dessart, Veloutsou, and Morgan-Thomas 2016).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAlam, I. I. (2021) · Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing · doi:10.1080/1051712x.2021.2012078 · Cited by 11
“…Toubia 2015; Schweidel and Moe 2014; Srinivasan, Rutz, and Pauwels 2016; Toubia and Stephen 2013) and customer relationship management strategies (e.g. Chirumalla, Oghazi, and Parida 2018; Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014; Kumar et al. 2016; Meire et al. 2019; Muninger, Hammedi, and Mahr 2019).”
BackgroundHafez, M. (2022) · Journal of Internet Commerce · doi:10.1080/15332861.2022.2042968 · Cited by 15
“…and consumer brand engagement (CBE) The notion of consumer brand engagement refers to cognitive, emotional, and behavioral activities with brands (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014) which consequently build value-driven consumers’ and companies’ relationships with brands (Hollebeek, Juric, and…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMarketing Analytics for Analyzing Social Media and Branding Efforts of Indian Telecom Operators
Joshi, S., Koparrati, S., & Singhal, V. (2022) · International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing · doi:10.4018/ijcac.297092 · Cited by 11
Trajectories of Brand Personality Research since the New Millennium: A Bibliometric Analysis
Roy, S., & Banerjee, S. (2022) · FIIB Business Review · doi:10.1177/23197145221105942 · Cited by 9
“Brand gender (Machado et al., 2019), brand engagements (Hollebeek et al., 2014) and brand hate relationships (Roy et al., 2022) are new concepts emerging from contemporary authors (Roy et al., 2022).”
Soboleva, A., Burton, S., & Khan, A. (2015) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8408-9.ch001 · Cited by 11
“In response to the rise of social media such as Twitter, marketers are actively incorporating social media into their programs, since social media can facilitate customer and user engagement with the organization (e.g. Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSocialization on Sustainable Networks: The Case of eBay Green’s Facebook
Kim, H. M., Oh, K. W., & Jung, H. J. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12083476 · Cited by 11
“This socialization of learning through network class hierarchy centers on the interactive relationships between opinion leaders and learners, which results in a sense of engagement, leading to participation in social interactions with others [18] (Hollebeek, 2014).”
BackgroundArtificial Intelligence in Frontline Service Encounters: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda
George, S. R., Manu, C., & Edward, M. (2025) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.70048 · Cited by 14
Salam, M. A., Leong, V. S., & Muhamad, N. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-2357-2.ch009 · Cited by 13
Cheng, Z., & Li, Y. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2025.108808 · Cited by 18
Mohanty, P. K., Bhimavarapu, R., Acharya, A., & Gupta, M. (2022) · Journal of Strategic Marketing · doi:10.1080/0965254x.2022.2118357 · Cited by 10
“According to the literature, CBE acts as a long-term customer relationship strategy for the brand (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
InfluentialCaratù, M., Cherubino, P., Menicocci, S., & Martinez-Levy, A. C. (2023) · Italian Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1007/s43039-023-00086-z · Cited by 10
“…is not to propose a Call-to-Action related to the purchase, but rather to engage the customer/prospect/lead by following the Consumer Brand Engagement Model—CBE (Hollebeek et al., 2014) and activate the right “triggers” that stimulate, in a second phase, the purchase or interaction with the brands.”
Malaysia, U. S., Mardhatilah, D., Omar, A., Malaysia, U. S., Septiari, E. D., & Yogyakarta, U. A. J. (2023) · Journal of Technology Management and Business · doi:10.30880/jtmb.2023.10.02.008 · Cited by 18
Kathuria, V. (2023) · Metamorphosis · doi:10.1177/09726225231218055 · Cited by 10
Fast fashion consumer engagement on Instagram: a case study
Bonilla-Quijada, M., Arriaga, J. L. D. O., Domingo, D. A., & Alcón, J. R. I. (2024) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2024.2322111 · Cited by 17
Exploring ageing consumers’ usage of content marketing, content typology and online brand advocacy
Bubphapant, J., & Brandão, A. (2024) · EuroMed Journal of Business · doi:10.1108/emjb-10-2023-0283 · Cited by 25
Capeau, F., Valette‐Florence, P., & Cova, V. (2024) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114619 · Cited by 13
Nguyen, T. H.-H., Nguyen, G. T., Nguyen, M. T., & hoang, S. D. (2024) · Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism · doi:10.1080/1528008x.2024.2354464 · Cited by 8
“Customer-brand engagement behavior, especially as co-creation, has gained significance on social media (Hollebeek et al., 2014; van Doorn et al., 2010), as it enables co-creation (van Doorn et al., 2010).”
The effects of customer brand engagement on brand love in sharing economy
Tran, T. P., Lee, S. H., & Sakib, M. N. (2024) · The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/10696679.2024.2360199 · Cited by 11
“…between engagement and the commitment component of brand love is evident from the findings of numerous research studies which have shown that consumer brand engagement enhances consumers’ commitment or brand loyalty (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek, 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Vivek et al., 2012).”
InfluentialEnhancing customer engagement behaviors via customer-to-customer interactions and identification
Jeseo, V., Lastner, M. M., & Black, H. G. (2024) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-09-2023-0345 · Cited by 13
Social Media Analytics for Effective Customer Brand Engagement Assessment
Alla, L., Bouhtati, N., Aarabe, M., & Khizzou, N. B. (2024) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-5340-0.ch013 · Cited by 11
Buzeta, C., Pelsmacker, P. D., & Dens, N. (2024) · Journal of Interactive Advertising · doi:10.1080/15252019.2024.2411243 · Cited by 11
“Customer brand engagement represents a multidimensional construct that comprises a customer’s cognitive, emotional, and behavioral investment in brand interactions (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014; Hollebeek et al. 2023).”
Continued engagement intention with social media influencers: the role of experience
Pandit, A., McLeay, F., Zaveri, M. M., Mursalin, J. A., & Rosenberger, P. J. (2024) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-12-2023-1105 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Hollebeek, Linda D.
- Glynn, Mark S.
- Brodie, Roderick J.
- Venue
- Journal of Interactive Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-165
- ISSN
- 1094-9968 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6653
- OpenAlex
- W2061289966
- Cited by
- 3,276
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 392 · 2025: 370 · 2024: 349 · 2023: 398 · 2022: 363 · 2021: 334 · 2020: 316 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 196 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 323.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Interactive Marketing (publishedVersion)
- Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Massey University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Keywords
- brand engagement, social media, scale development, consumer-brand relationships, consumer involvement, self-brand connection, cognitive processes, affect, activation, nomological network
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