NAD+ in COVID-19 and viral infections
Open accessAbstract
NAD+, as an emerging regulator of immune responses during viral infections, may be a promising therapeutic target for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this Opinion, we suggest that interventions that boost NAD+ levels might promote antiviral defense and suppress uncontrolled inflammation. We discuss the association between low NAD+ concentrations and risk factors for poor COVID-19 outcomes, including aging and common comorbidities. Mechanistically, we outline how viral infections can further deplete NAD+ and its roles in antiviral defense and inflammation. We also describe how coronaviruses can subvert NAD+-mediated actions via genes that remove NAD+ modifications and activate the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Finally, we explore ongoing approaches to boost NAD+ concentrations in the clinic to putatively increase antiviral responses while curtailing hyperinflammation.
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SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3 suppress NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activity via multiple mechanisms.
“SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3 all suppress the activity of NF-κB (factor nuclear kappa B) and the NLRP3 (Nod-like receptor family protein 3) inflammasome via multiple mechanisms [107].”
From NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health (2023) · cites this paper as [107]
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- Authors
- Zheng, M., Schultz, M. B., & Sinclair, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sinclair, David A.
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-04
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 283-295
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8831132
- OpenAlex
- W4211221655
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- NAD+, COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, viral infection, antiviral immunity, inflammation, hyperinflammation, NLRP3 inflammasome, aging, comorbidities, NAD+ supplementation
- MeSH terms
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, COVID-19, Humans, NAD, Virus Diseases, Inflammasomes
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