Randomized efficacy trial of two psychotherapies for depression in youth with inflammatory bowel disease
Open accessAbstract
Objective Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with high rates of depression. This study compared the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to supportive nondirective therapy (SNDT) in treating youth with comorbid IBD and depression.Method Youth (51% female and 49% male; age 9-17 years, mean age 14.3 years) with depression and Crohn's disease (n = 161) or ulcerative colitis (n = 56) were randomly assigned to a 3-month course of CBT or SNDT. The primary outcome was comparative reduction in depressive symptom severity; secondary outcomes were depression remission, increase in depression response, and improved health-related adjustment and IBD activity.Results A total of 178 participants (82%) completed the 3-month intervention. Both psychotherapies resulted in significant reductions in total Children's Depression Rating Scale Revised score (37.3% for CBT and 31.9% for SNDT), but the difference between the 2 treatments was not significant (p = .16). There were large pre-post effect sizes for each treatment (d = 1.31 for CBT and d = 1.30 for SNDT). More than 65% of youth had a complete remission of depression at 3 months, with no difference between CBT and SNDT (67.8% and 63.2%, respectively). Compared to SNDT, CBT was associated with a greater reduction in IBD activity (p = .04) but no greater improvement on the Clinical Global Assessment Scale (p = .06) and health-related quality of life (IMPACT-III scale) (p = .07).Conclusion This is the first randomized controlled study to suggest improvements in depression severity, global functioning, quality of life, and disease activity in a physically ill pediatric cohort treated with psychotherapy. Clinical trial registration information-Reducing Depressive Symptoms in Physically Ill Youth; http://clinical trials.gov; NCT00534911.
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Szigethy et al's 2014 trial comparing CBT with supportive non-directive therapy in participants with depression found no difference between treatments.
“However, Szigethy et al's 2014 trial comparing CBT with supportive non-directive therapy (SNDT) in participants with depression found no difference between treatments 29 .”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as [29]
The Results report no statistically significant difference between CBT and SNDT in depressive severity or remission. However, the Discussion states that CBT produced a significantly greater reduction in IBD activity, so the unqualified claim of no difference between treatments overstates the finding. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSzigethy et al. 2014 compared CBT to supportive non-directive therapy and reported improvements over time but found no significant difference between the two conditions.
“Szigethy at al. 2014 compared CBT to supportive non-directive therapy reported improvements over time but found no significant difference between the two conditions 29 .”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as [29]
The Results and Discussion report improvement over time in both CBT and supportive non-directive therapy, with no significant between-treatment difference in depression severity. But the Discussion also reports a significant difference in reduced IBD activity favoring CBT, so the unqualified statement that there was no difference between conditions overstates the finding. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMean CGAS scores posttreatment (CBT 65.83 versus SNDT 64.30) were consistent with minimal impairment on the CGAS scale.
“Mean CGAS scores posttreatment, (CBT 65.83 versus SNDT 64.30) were consistent with minimal impairment on the CGAS scale.”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as Szigethy et al (2014)
The Results section reports that posttreatment CGAS scores indicated minimal impairment and gives SNDT as 64.30. It gives the CBT mean as 65.82, however, rather than the claimed 65.83 (page unavailable in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFive interventions were based on cognitive behavioural theory and aimed to improve psychological wellbeing.
“Five interventions were based on cognitive behavioural theory (CBT) and aimed to improve psychological wellbeing 28,29, 30,31, 32 .”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as [29]
Two CBT interventions measured disease activity as an outcome.
“Two CBT interventions measured disease activity as an outcome 28, 29 .”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as [29]
A positive effect favouring CBT in reducing disease activity was found over time in the larger trial (n=217) by Szigethy et al., 2014 but not the smaller trial (n=22) by Reigada et al.
“A positive effect favouring CBT in reducing disease activity was found over time in,the larger trial (n=217) by Szigethy et al., 2014 29 but not the smaller trial (n=22) by Reigada et al. 28 .”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as [29]
In a trial for participants with depression, Szigethy et al. 2014 found an improvement in both the CBT and SNDT groups but there were no differences between the groups in change over time and the trial did not include a usual care control group.
“In a trial for participants with depression, Szigethy et al. 2014 found an improvement in both the CBT and SNDT groups but there were no differences between the groups in change over time and the trial did not include a usual care control group 29,33 .”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as [29]
Five trials reported on psychosocial outcomes, all of which were evaluations of CBT interventions.
“Five trials reported on psychosocial outcomes, all of which were evaluations of CBT interventions 28-32 .”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as [29]
Both therapies showed an improvement in HRQoL.
“Both therapies showed an improvement in HRQoL”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as Szigethy et al (2014)
No significant difference between interventions on Children's Global Assessment Scale.
“No significant difference between interventions.”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as Szigethy et al (2014)
No significant differences were found between treatments in HRQoL.
“but no significant differences were found between treatments.”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as Szigethy et al (2014)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Szigethy, E., Bujoreanu, S. I., Youk, A. O., Weisz, J., Benhayon, D., Fairclough, D., Ducharme, P., Gonzalez-Heydrich, J., Keljo, D., Srinath, A., Bousvaros, A., Kirshner, M., Newara, M., Kupfer, D., & DeMaso, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Colorado School of Public Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Szigethy, Eva
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 726-735
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4104185
- OpenAlex
- W2058706903
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 13.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America
- Abbott Laboratories
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Biogen
- Tommy Fuss Fund
- Harvard University
- University of Pittsburgh
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation
- Servier
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH077770, MH077770)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- pediatric inflammatory bowel disease, depression, cognitive behavioral therapy, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, comorbid depression, IBD activity, health-related quality of life, depression severity, depression remission
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotherapy, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
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