Psychological Interventions for Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Open accessAbstract
Psychological interventions have been designed and implemented effectively in a wide range of medical conditions, including Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). The psychological treatments for IBS and IBD with the strongest evidence base include: cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis, and mindfulness-based therapies. The evidence for each of these therapies is reviewed here for both IBS and IBD. In general, there is a stronger and larger evidence base to support the use of psychological interventions in IBS compared with IBD. This is likely due to the high level of psychiatric comorbidity associated with IBS and the involvement of the stress-response in symptom presentation of IBS. Further research in psychosocial interventions for IBD is necessary. Finally, the importance of conceptualizing both IBS and IBD in a biopsychosocial model is discussed and several resources for accessing Clinical Health Psychology materials and referrals are provided.
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CBT is demonstrated to be somewhat effective in improving HRQoL and depressive symptoms for those with IBD, but there remain mixed reviews on its long-term efficacy and its effectiveness, if any, in treating anxiety symptoms.
“CBT is demonstrated to be somewhat effective in improving HRQoL and depressive symptoms for those with IBD; however, there remain mixed reviews on its long-term efficacy and its effectiveness, if any, in treating anxiety symptoms (Ballou & Keefer, 2017; Bennebroek Evertsz et al., 2017; Gracie et al., 2017; Hanlon et al., 2018; Mikocka-Walus et al., 2017; Stapersma et al., 2020).”
From Moving Towards Acceptance and Values: A Qualitative Study of ACTforIBD Compared to IBD Psychoeducation (2024) · cites this paper as Ballou & Keefer, 2017
The CBT > IBD section (page not provided) says CBT may improve quality of life in adults and reports small positive effects on quality of life and depression in adolescents. It describes the overall IBD evidence as mixed, but does not specifically assess long-term CBT efficacy; it also reports a small positive effect on anxiety in adolescents, rather than uniformly uncertain effectiveness for anxiety. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCurrent evidence around the efficacy of different types of psychotherapy for IBD is mixed, and questions remain about what types of support might be most effective.
“Current evidence around the efficacy of different types of psychotherapy is mixed and there remain questions around what types of support might be most effective in improving patient outcomes for those with IBD (Ballou & Keefer, 2017; Gracie et al., 2017; Knowles et al., 2013).”
From Moving Towards Acceptance and Values: A Qualitative Study of ACTforIBD Compared to IBD Psychoeducation (2024) · cites this paper as Ballou & Keefer, 2017
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- Barney P Master Your IBS: An 8-week Plan To Control The Symptoms Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. AGA Press: Bethesda, MD, USA, 2010, pp 229..
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Chronic Diarrhea and Constipation Are More Common in Depressed Individuals
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Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Behavioural medicine and gastrointestinal disorders: the promise of positive psychology
Keefer, L. (2018) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-018-0001-1 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
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The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Lin, S. C., & Cheifetz, A. S. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 66 · see citing works
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Chronic pain in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
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Resilience-based integrated IBD care is associated with reductions in health care use and opioids
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Self-citationIntestinal Microbiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome before and after Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy
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Self-citationDevelopment and Current State of Digital Therapeutics for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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Self-citationMind–Body Interventions for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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“Desiring IBD- knowledgeable psychologists has been previously qualitatively reported by Jordan et al. (2018) and reinforces the recommendation of IBD-informed practitioners for intervention delivery (Ballou & Keefer, 2017; Mikocka-Walus et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRecent advances in clinical practice: mastering the challenge—managing IBS symptoms in IBD
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Self-citationTherapeutic Implications of microRNAs in Depressive Disorders: A Review
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Psychological Comorbidity and Intervention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: What to Do When There Is an Overlap.
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“Current evidence around the efficacy of different types of psychotherapy is mixed and there remain questions around what types of support might be most effective in improving patient outcomes for those with IBD (Ballou & Keefer, 2017; Gracie et al., 2017; Knowles et al., 2013).”
BackgroundHoute, M. V. D., Guadagnoli, L. A., Öhman, L., Bergstedt, A., Johansson, B., Simrén, M., Strid, H., Oudenhove, L. V., & Svedlund, J. (2024) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae046 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Czuber‐Dochan, W., Wileman, V., Dibley, L. B., Shankavi, P., Alawi, F., Norton, C. S., Moss-Morris, R. E., & Taylor, S. J. (2025) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.70035 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ballou, S., & Keefer, L.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ballou, Sarah
- Venue
- Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e214
- ISSN
- 2155-384X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5288603
- OpenAlex
- W2572736963
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 19.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK007760)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, psychological intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis, mindfulness-based interventions, psychiatric comorbidity, stress response, biopsychosocial model, psychosocial interventions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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