An evaluation of the specificity of executive function impairment in developmental psychopathology
Open accessAbstract
Objective Deficits in executive function (EF) are common in neuropsychiatric disorders, but the specificity of these deficits remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the pattern of EF impairment across psychopathologies in children and adolescents. Associations among components of EF with dimensions of psychopathology, including an overall psychopathology factor, were assessed.Method Participants (8-21 years) were from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (N = 9,498). Data from a structured clinical screening interview were reduced to 5 dimensional domains using factor analyses: overall psychopathology, anxious-misery, fear, externalizing, and psychosis. EF components of attentional vigilance, response inhibition, conceptual flexibility, and working memory were assessed. Associations of clinical dimensions with general EF ability and with specific EF components were examined.Results EF ability showed common and domain-specific associations with clinical symptoms. General EF was directly associated with the general psychopathology, anxious-misery, and psychosis domains but not with the fear or externalizing domains. For the EF subcomponents, differences emerged in the magnitude and direction of the association between components and clinical domains. Poorer EF was typically associated with increased symptoms across clinical domains; however, in some instances, better EF ability was associated with greater symptom burden, particularly in the fear domain.Conclusion EF has widespread associations with psychopathology in youth. Findings showed some overlap in the type of EF impairment across clinical phenotypes, as indicated by similar patterns of associations between some clinical symptoms and EF. However, findings also showed domain-specific associations with EF that differed across EF components and clinical domains.
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Deficits in cognitive control underlie transdiagnostic risk via effects on the regulation of emotion and cognition.
“deficits in cognitive control underlie transdiagnostic risk via effects on the regulation of emotion and cognition (Kohn et al., 2014; McTeague et al., 2016, 2017; White et al., 2017)”
From Adolescent cognitive control and mediofrontal theta oscillations are disrupted by neglect: Associations with transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology in a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as White et al., 2017
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- Authors
- White, L. K., Moore, T. M., Calkins, M. E., Wolf, D. H., Satterthwaite, T. D., Leibenluft, E., Pine, D. S., Gur, R. C., & Gur, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- White, Lauren K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 975-982.e3
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5815390
- OpenAlex
- W2754811640
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 6.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh107235-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (RC2MH089983, P50MH096891, R01-MH-107235)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- executive function, developmental psychopathology, children and adolescents, attentional vigilance, response inhibition, conceptual flexibility, working memory, anxiety, fear, externalizing problems, psychosis, symptom burden, neuropsychiatric disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Development, Female, Humans, Male, Philadelphia, Adolescent Development, Young Adult, Executive Function
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