Resting Heart Rate in Cardiovascular Disease

Fox, Kim; Borer, Jeffrey S.; Camm, A. John; Danchin, Nicolas; Ferrari, Roberto; Lopez Sendon, Jose L.; Steg, Philippe Gabriel; Tardif, Jean-Claude; Tavazzi, Luigi; Tendera, Michal

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.04.079

Cited by 1,062Heart rate and cardiovascular healthHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlCardiac Health and Mental Health

Resting Heart Rate in Cardiovascular Disease

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Fox, Kim, Borer, Jeffrey S., Camm, A. John, Danchin, Nicolas, Ferrari, Roberto, Lopez Sendon, Jose L., Steg, Philippe Gabriel, Tardif, Jean-Claude +2 more·2007·Journal of the American College of Cardiology

DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.04.079

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Abstract

The importance of resting heart rate (HR) as a prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target is not yet generally accepted. Recent large epidemiologic studies have confirmed earlier studies that showed resting HR to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in men and women with and without diagnosed cardiovascular disease. Clinical trial data suggest that HR reduction itself is an important mechanism of benefit of beta-blockers and other heart-rate lowering drugs used after acute myocardial infarction, in chronic heart failure, and in stable angina pectoris. Pathophysiological studies indicate that a relatively high HR has direct detrimental effects on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis, on the occurrence of myocardial ischemia and ventricular arrhythmias, and on left ventricular function. Studies have found a continuous increase in risk with HR above 60 beats/min. Although it may be difficult to define an optimal HR for a given individual, it seems desirable to maintain resting HR substantially below the traditionally defined tachycardia threshold of 90 or 100 beats/min. These findings suggest that the potential role of HR and its modulation should be considered in future cardiovascular guidance documents.

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Population-based studies indicate that baseline heart rate elevations are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, cancer, and mortality.
“This concern is potentiated by population-based studies indicating that baseline heart rate elevations are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, cancer, and mortality.2–5”
From Sinus Tachycardia: a Multidisciplinary Expert Focused Review (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
Numerous population-based studies indicate that baseline heart rate elevations are associated with increased risk of incident heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and death.
“On the other hand, numerous population-based studies indicate that baseline heart rate elevations are associated with increased risk of incident heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and death.2–5,20–22”
From Sinus Tachycardia: a Multidisciplinary Expert Focused Review (2022) · cites this paper as [5]

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Authors: Fox, K., Borer, J. S., Camm, A. J., Danchin, N., Ferrari, R., Lopez Sendon, J. L., Steg, P. G., Tardif, J.-C., Tavazzi, L., & Tendera, M.
Affiliations: Royal Brompton Hospital (GB)
Cornell University (US)
St George's, University of London (GB)
Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou (FR)
University of Ferrara (IT)
Montreal Heart Institute (CA)
Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione (IT)
ORCID: Fox, Kim
Borer, Jeffrey S.
Camm, A. John
Danchin, Nicolas
Ferrari, Roberto
Tardif, Jean-Claude
Tavazzi, Luigi
Venue: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-08
Volume: 50
Issue: 9
Pages: 823-830
ISSN: 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.04.079
OpenAlex: W2010396034
Cited by: 1,062
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 71
FWCI: 8.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2213 d)
Locations: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart rate and cardiovascular health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Keywords: resting heart rate, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, prognostic factors, therapeutic target, beta-blockers, acute myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, stable angina, coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular function
MeSH terms: Carvedilol, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Animals, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Calcium Channel Blockers, Carbazoles, Cardiac Output, Low, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Disease, Exercise Test, Heart Rate, Humans, Metoprolol, Myocardial Infarction, Prognosis, Propanolamines, Risk Factors, Timolol, Multivariate Analysis, Myocardial Ischemia, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, Risk Assessment

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