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Short- and Long-Term Prognosis of Syncope, Risk Factors, and Role of Hospital Admission
Open accessAbstract
Objective We sought to assess short- and long-term prognosis of syncope and associated risk factors.Background Syncope is a common clinical event, but our knowledge of its short-term outcome is largely incomplete. Further, it is unknown whether hospital admission might positively affect a patient's syncope prognosis.Methods We screened 2,775 consecutive subjects who presented for syncope at 4 emergency departments between January and July 2004. Short- and long-term severe outcomes (i.e., death and major therapeutic procedures) and related risk factors were compared in all enrolled patients arrayed according to hospital admission or discharge.Results A total of 676 subjects were included in the study. Forty-one subjects (6.1%) experienced severe outcomes (5 deaths, 0.7%; 36 major therapeutic procedures, 5.4%) in the 10 days after presentation. An abnormal electrocardiogram, concomitant trauma, absence of symptoms of impending syncope, and male gender were associated with short-term unfavorable outcomes. Long-term severe outcomes were 9.3% (40 deaths, 6.0%; 22 major therapeutic procedures, 3.3%), and their occurrence was correlated with an age >65 years, history of neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases, structural heart diseases, and ventricular arrhythmias. Short-term major therapeutic procedures were more common (p < 0.05) in subjects who had been admitted to hospital (13.3%) than in discharged (1.6%), whereas mortality was similar. One-year mortality was greater (p < 0.05) in admitted (14.7%) than in discharged (1.8%) patients.Conclusions Risk factors for short- and long-term adverse outcomes after syncope differed. Hospital admission favorably influenced syncope short term prognosis. Instead, 1-year mortality was unaffected by hospital admission and related to comorbidity.
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“A few prospective studies developed clinical decision tools to identify patients at risk of serious adverse events within 30 days. 8,9,13,14”
From Development of the Canadian Syncope Risk Score to predict serious adverse events after emergency department assessment of syncope (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
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“However, they have poor diagnostic test characteristics and several methodological flaws that preclude their widespread adoption by clinicians.”
From Development of the Canadian Syncope Risk Score to predict serious adverse events after emergency department assessment of syncope (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Five prospective syncope studies attempted to develop tools for identification of short-term risk of serious adverse events. 8,9,13,14,26”
From Development of the Canadian Syncope Risk Score to predict serious adverse events after emergency department assessment of syncope (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Clinical decision rules can predict poor outcomes, but most syncope deaths and many poor outcomes are associated with underlying illness rather than syncope per se , 58 particularly in the long term. 56”
From 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (2018) · cites this paper as [56]
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“Several previous prospective studies have reported heart disease and abnormal ECG findings as independent risk factors for serious outcomes among patients with syncope. 13,14,29”
From Development of the Canadian Syncope Risk Score to predict serious adverse events after emergency department assessment of syncope (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
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“The Short-Term Prognosis in Syncope (STePS) Study identified risk factors for death and therapeutic interventions within 10 days. 14”
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“Three of the studies 13,14,26 included re admission to hospital without identification of serious underlying conditions as an outcome.”
From Development of the Canadian Syncope Risk Score to predict serious adverse events after emergency department assessment of syncope (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
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“• Poor outcomes, including death, are related to the severity of the underlying disease rather than to syncope itself.(40,42,43) • Structural heart disease is the major risk factor for sudden cardiac death and overall mortality in patients with syncope.”
BackgroundSelf-citationEuropean Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025 Adult Advanced Life Support
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“Impact of Syncope on Quality of Life ......................................................................................”
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Self-citationPredictors of 30-Day Serious Events in Older Patients With Syncope
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“A multisite Italian cohort enrolled 676 ED patients with a mean age of 59 years, and 41 patients experienced 10-day mortality or required a major therapeutic procedure.(19) Correlates of 10-day outcomes included an abnormal ECG result, concurrent trauma, lack of prodromal symptoms, and male sex.”
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Self-citationPrognosis Among Healthy Individuals Discharged With a Primary Diagnosis of Syncope
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Self-citationStandardized Reporting Guidelines for Emergency Department Syncope Risk‐stratification Research
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“The hospitals were chosen among those participating in the Short-Term Prognosis of Syncope (STePS) study [16] because of automatic access to laboratory data required to compute the SFSR.”
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Soar, J., Böttiger, B. W., Carli, P. A., Couper, K., Deakin, C. D., Djärv, T., Lott, C., Olasveengen, T. M., Paal, P., Pellis, T., et al. (2021) · Notfall + Rettungsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s10049-021-00893-x · Cited by 68
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“(7) LBBB or RBBB+left/right axis deviation (8) Long-QT pattern (9) Brugada pattern (10) ARVD pattern (11) WPW pattern 12-lead standard ECG Cardiac-Ischaemic causes (12) Cardiac ischaemia Chest pain and troponin abnormal Cardiovascular and pulmonary structural causes (13) Prolapsing atrial myxoma, tumour (14) Severe ao…”
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“Fitting the test datasets to the full model gave C-statistics of 0.87 (Calgary), 0.84 (Amsterdam), 0.72 (Milan) and 0.71 (Rochester).”
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Sandhu, R. K., Raj, S. R., Thiruganasambandamoorthy, V., Kaul, P., Morillo, C. A., Krahn, A. D., Guzmán, J. C., Sheldon, R. S., Banijamali, H. S., Macintyre, C. J., et al. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2019.12.023 · Cited by 42
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“, in the upright position, is common accounting for up to 74% of total syncope seen in emergency departments [2].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPrevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients With Syncope
Badertscher, P., de Lavallaz, J. D. F., Hammerer‐Lercher, A., Nestelberger, T., Zimmermann, T., Geiger, M., Imahorn, O., Miró, Ò., Salgado, E., Christ, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.020 · Cited by 39
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“Hospitalization of patients at risk for MACE is highly variable, and an important proportion will suffer events including deaths outside the hospital [7, 9, 13].”
BackgroundNational Cost Savings From Observation Unit Management of Syncope
Baugh, C. W., Liang, L.-J., Probst, M. A., & Sun, B. (2015) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.12720 · Cited by 36
“In addition, currently available risk stratification tools to identify syncope patients at intermediate risk may not be more accurate than clinical gestalt, but ongoing efforts are aimed at creating better tools.(33,34) In our model, we assumed that observation units are at maximum availability, which varies by size (…”
BackgroundNT-pro-BNP for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in patients hospitalized for syncope
Pfister, R., Hagemeister, J., Esser, S., Hellmich, M., Erdmann, E., & Schneider, C. A. (2012) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.10.013 · Cited by 35
“As shown in the STePS study, admitted patients significantly differ from the total ED population and from discharged patients with respect to age, comorbidity and prognosis, and therefore, single risk factors might not be interchangeable between different populations [17].”
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Updated Geriatric Cardiology Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019
Moreira, A. A. C. D. M., Costa, E. F. D. A., Miranda, R. D., Wajngarten, M., Galera, S. C., Filho, A. C. D. A., Toledo, M. A. D. V., Alves, J. D. C., Moriguchi, E. H., Rodrigues, N. L., et al. (2019) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20190086 · Cited by 39
Shen, W.-K., Sheldon, R. S., Benditt, D. G., Cohen, M. I., Forman, D. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Grubb, B. P., Hamdan, M. H., Krahn, A. D., Link, M. S., et al. (2017) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.03.005 · Cited by 34
“IIb B-NR Use of risk stratification scores may be reasonable in the management of patients with syncope.(67,68,72,73,75,87,89,100,101)”
BackgroundRisk stratification of syncope: Current syncope guidelines and beyond
Sutton, R., Ricci, F., & Fedorowski, A. (2021) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102929 · Cited by 37
“…(EGSYS) score (Del Rosso et al., 2008), the Boston Syncope Criteria (Grossman et al., 2007), the Short-Term Prognosis of Syncope (STePS) score (Costantino et al., 2008), the FAINT score (Probst et al., 2020) and the Basel IX ECG ALERT-CS tool (Zimmermann et al., 2021) - using various…”
MethodKey challenges in the current management of syncope
Sutton, R., Brignole, M., & Benditt, D. G. (2012) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2012.102 · Cited by 33
Thiruganasambandamoorthy, V., Taljaard, M., Stiell, I. G., Sivilotti, M. L. A., Murray, H., Vaidyanathan, A., Rowe, B. H., Calder, L. A., Lang, E., McRae, A., et al. (2015) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-015-1237-1 · Cited by 39
Patients With Syncope in a German Emergency Department
Güldner, S., Langada, V., Popp, S., Heppner, H. J., Mang, H., & Christ, M. (2012) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0058 · Cited by 33
Artificial neural networks and risk stratification in emergency departments
Falavigna, G., Costantino, G., Furlan, R., Quinn, J., Ungar, A., & Ippoliti, R. (2018) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-018-1971-2 · Cited by 33
Self-citationReed, M. J., Henderson, S. S., Newby, D. E., & Gray, A. J. (2011) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.12.021 · Cited by 32
Sandhu, R. K., Tran, D. T., Sheldon, R. S., & Kaul, P. (2017) · JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2017.09.003 · Cited by 32
Incidence of Syncope During Pregnancy: Temporal Trends and Outcomes
Chatur, S., Islam, S., Moore, L. E., Sandhu, R. K., Sheldon, R. S., & Kaul, P. (2019) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.011608 · Cited by 35
Dipaola, F., Gatti, M., Pacetti, V., Bottaccioli, A. G., Shiffer, D., Minonzio, M., Menè, R., Levra, A. G., Solbiati, M., Costantino, G., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8101677 · Cited by 32
Self-citationSyncope in the Emergency Department
Sandhu, R. K., & Sheldon, R. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2019.00180 · Cited by 31
“An Italian study (31) evaluating mortality based on disposition found 1.”
BackgroundPredictors of Short-Term (Seven-Day) Cardiac Outcomes After Emergency Department Visit for Syncope
Gabayan, G. Z., Derose, S. F., Asch, S. M., Chiu, V. Y., Glenn, S. C., Mangione, C. M., & Sun, B. (2009) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.08.654 · Cited by 30
“In addition, we collected co-morbidity information from existing administrative data, which limited our ability to assess clinically important elements such as symptoms and examination findings.(2,4,7,8,15,18) Addition of such data could potentially improve the ability to predict short-term cardiac death and events.”
BackgroundMethodResultNeural networks as a tool to predict syncope risk in the Emergency Department
Costantino, G., Falavigna, G., Solbiati, M., Casagranda, I., Sun, B., Grossman, S. A., Quinn, J., Reed, M. J., Ungar, A., Montano, N., et al. (2016) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euw336 · Cited by 31
“Two studies were conducted in Italy and one in the USA.(2,10,11)”
MethodSelf-citationSyncope: Outcomes and Conditions Associated with Hospitalization
Joy, P. S., Kumar, G., & Olshansky, B. (2017) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.12.030 · Cited by 29
Electrocardiogram Findings in Emergency Department Patients with Syncope
Quinn, J., & McDERMOTT, D. J. (2011) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01120.x · Cited by 28
Kadri, A. N., Abuamsha, H., Nusairat, L., Kadri, N., Abuissa, H. S., Masri, A., & Hernández, A. V. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.009746 · Cited by 26
Syncope and risk of sudden cardiac arrest in coronary artery disease
Aro, A. L., Rusinaru, C., Uy‐Evanado, A., Reinier, K., Phan, D. Q., Gunson, K., Jui, J., & Chugh, S. S. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.021 · Cited by 28
Thiruganasambandamoorthy, V., Stiell, I. G., Sivilotti, M. L. A., Rowe, B. H., Mukarram, M. A., Arcot, K., Kwong, K., McRae, A. D., Wells, G. A., & Taljaard, M. (2017) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13275 · Cited by 27
Arrhythmic syncope: From diagnosis to management
Pascual, J. F., Jordán-Marchite, P., Silva, J. R., & Rivas‐Gándara, N. (2023) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v15.i4.119 · Cited by 29
Approach to syncope in the emergency department
Reed, M. J. (2018) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emermed-2018-207767 · Cited by 26
“Currently, approximately 50% of patients who present to the ED with syncope (although the range is wide [11,17, 27-37]) [Table 1] are admitted, and this has not been changed with clinical decision rule use.”
BackgroundInternational Validation of the Canadian Syncope Risk Score
Zimmermann, T., de Lavallaz, J. D. F., Nestelberger, T., Gualandro, D. M., López‐Ayala, P., Badertscher, P., Widmer, V., Shrestha, S., Strebel, I., Glarner, N., et al. (2022) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m21-2313 · Cited by 25
The Emergency Department Approach to Syncope: Evidence-based Guidelines and Prediction Rules
Kessler, C. S., Tristano, J. M., & Lorenzo, R. A. D. (2010) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.emc.2010.03.014 · Cited by 25
Driving and Working with Syncope
Barbic, F., Casazza, G., Zamunér, A. R., Costantino, G., Orlandi, M., Dipaola, F., Capitanio, C., Achenza, S., Sheldon, R., & Furlan, R. (2014) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2014.05.006 · Cited by 23
Self-citationNumeroso, F., Mossini, G., Giovanelli, M., Lippi, G., & Cervellin, G. (2016) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13013 · Cited by 24
Syncope in adults: Systematic review and proposal of a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm
Rosanio, S., Schwarz, E. R., Ware, D. L., & Vitarelli, A. (2011) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.11.021 · Cited by 25
Predictors of Short-Term Outcomes after Syncope: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Gibson, T. A., Weiss, R., & Sun, B. (2018) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2018.2.37100 · Cited by 24
Syncope Risk Stratification in the Emergency Department
Costantino, G., & Furlan, R. (2012) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2012.10.003 · Cited by 24
“The overall risk for a patient entering the ED because of syncope is between 5% and 15%, and the mortality at 1 week is about 1%.(5,7,8,10,11) The primary goal of the ED physician is thus to discriminate individuals at low risk who can be safely discharged, from patients at high risk who require prompt hospitalization…”
Self-citationProspective validation of prognostic and diagnostic syncope scores in the emergency department
de Lavallaz, J. D. F., Badertscher, P., Nestelberger, T., Isenrich, R., Miró, Ò., Salgado, E., Geigy, N., Christ, M., Cullen, L., Than, M. P., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.06.088 · Cited by 24
Anderson, K. L., Limkakeng, A. T., Damuth, E., & Chandra, A. B. (2012) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.04.023 · Cited by 23
Syncope in the Emergency Department: A Practical Approach
Furlan, L., Jacobitti, G., Gianni, F., Solbiati, M., Mancusi, C., & Costantino, G. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13113231 · Cited by 22
“The STePS study [78] has, indeed, provided evidence that hospitalization may positively affect the short-term but not the long-term (1 year) prognosis.”
BackgroundSelf-citationRuwald, M. H., & Zaręba, W. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.08.007 · Cited by 22
Validation of EGSYS Score in Prediction of Cardiogenic Syncope
Kariman, H., Harati, S., Safari, S., Baratloo, A., & Pishgahi, M. (2015) · Emergency Medicine International · doi:10.1155/2015/515370 · Cited by 23
Nationwide Trends in Syncope Hospitalizations and Outcomes From 2004 to 2014
Sandhu, R. K., Sheldon, R. S., Savu, A., & Kaul, P. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2016.11.005 · Cited by 22
Ruwald, M. H., Numé, A., Lamberts, M., Hansen, C. M., Hansen, M. L., Vinther, M., Køber, L., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., Hansen, J., & Gislason, G. (2014) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.02.035 · Cited by 21
Initial Evaluation of “Syncope and Collapse”
Benditt, D. G., & Can, I. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.050 · Cited by 21
Derose, S. F., Gabayan, G. Z., Chiu, V. Y., & Sun, B. (2012) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01336.x · Cited by 20
Solbiati, M., Dipaola, F., Villa, P., Seghezzi, S., Casagranda, I., Rabajoli, F., Fiorini, E., Porta, L., Casazza, G., Voza, A., et al. (2019) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13842 · Cited by 21
Self-citationInfluence of Climate on Emergency Department Visits for Syncope: Role of Air Temperature Variability
Galli, A., Barbic, F., Borella, M., Costantino, G., Perego, F., Dipaola, F., Casella, F., Duca, P., Diedrich, A., Raj, S. R., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022719 · Cited by 21
Self-citationThiruganasambandamoorthy, V., Sivilotti, M. L. A., Rowe, B. H., McRae, A. D., Mukarram, M. A., Malveau, S. E., Yagapen, A. N., Sun, B., Nemnom, M., Huang, L., et al. (2019) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.12.005 · Cited by 20
“2%) and in one previous syncope study that reported this comorbidity.(20) A meta-analysis by Dentali et al(21) reported a 3.”
BackgroundApproach to the Patient with Syncope
Benditt, D. G., & Adkisson, W. O. (2012) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2012.09.002 · Cited by 20
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of High-sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T in Patients with Syncope
Christ, M., Geier, F., Popp, S., Singler, K., Smolarsky, A., Bertsch, T., Mueller, C. E., & Greve, Y. (2014) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.09.021 · Cited by 19
Bernier, R., Tran, D. T., Sheldon, R. S., Kaul, P., & Sandhu, R. K. (2020) · JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2019.11.002 · Cited by 19
Casagranda, I., Costantino, G., Falavigna, G., Furlan, R., & Ippoliti, R. (2015) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.12.003 · Cited by 18
Self-citationNT-pro-BNP for differential diagnosis in patients with syncope
Costantino, G., Solbiati, M., Pisano, G., & Furlan, R. (2008) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.05.051 · Cited by 18
Self-citationThe Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Near Syncope and Syncope
Greve, Y., Geier, F., Popp, S., Bertsch, T., Singler, K., Meier, F., Smolarsky, A., Mang, H., Mueller, C. E., & Christ, M. (2014) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0197 · Cited by 18
“Italian working groups report an adverse event rate of 5 to 6% after 10 days (13, 27), while US emergency physicians state a rate of 11.”
BackgroundThe Dilemma of Falls in Older Persons: Never Forget to Investigate the Syncope
Perego, F., MARIA, B. D., Bagnara, L., Grazia, V. D., Monelli, M., Cesari, M., & Vecchia, L. A. D. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57060623 · Cited by 17
“Conversely, syncope should be identified and stratified by the degree of the risk of severe adverse outcomes over the short- and long-term periods [18].”
BackgroundSelf-citationOutcomes in syncope research: a systematic review and critical appraisal
Solbiati, M., Bozzano, V., Barbic, F., Casazza, G., Dipaola, F., Quinn, J., Reed, M. J., Sheldon, R. S., Shen, W.-K., Sun, B., et al. (2018) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-018-1788-z · Cited by 18
Self-citationHow can we improve management of syncope in the Emergency Department?
Probst, M. A., & Sun, B. (2014) · Cardiology Journal · doi:10.5603/cj.a2014.0074 · Cited by 17
“To address this gap, multiple syncope risk-stratification tools have been developed with a goal of identifying patients who can safely be discharged from the ED [5, 10–14].”
BackgroundIs hospital admission valuable in managing syncope? Results from the STePS study
Costantino, G., Dipaola, F., Solbiati, M., Bulgheroni, M., Barbic, F., & Furlan, R. (2014) · Cardiology Journal · doi:10.5603/cj.a2014.0071 · Cited by 16
“The Short-term Prognosis of Syncope (STePS) study [15] was specifically designed to test if hospitalization could be useful in patients with syncope.”
BackgroundSelf-citationHRS Policy Statement: Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology Fellowship Curriculum: Update 2011
Link, M. S., Exner, D. V., Anderson, M. E., Ackerman, M., Al‐Ahmad, A., Knight, B. P., Markowitz, S. M., Kaufman, E. S., Haines, D. E., Asirvatham, S. J., et al. (2011) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.06.008 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- Costantino, G., Perego, F., Dipaola, F., Borella, M., Galli, A., Cantoni, G., Dell’Orto, S., Dassi, S., Filardo, N., Duca, P. G., Montano, N., & Furlan, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Milan (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Furlan, Raffaello
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 276-283
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2169409503
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 17.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Regione Lombardia
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Associated Phenomena
- Keywords
- syncope, prognosis, risk factors, hospitalization, mortality, electrocardiographic abnormalities, comorbidities, ventricular arrhythmias, structural heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, emergency department patients
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Syncope, Comorbidity
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