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Cited by 645Nutrition and Health in AgingFrailty in Older AdultsMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Damluji, Abdulla A., Alfaraidhy, Maha, AlHajri, Noora, Rohant, Namit N., Kumar, Manish, Al Malouf, Christina, Bahrainy, Samira, Ji Kwak, Min +10 more·2023·Circulation
DOI 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064071PMC PMC10180053
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Abstract

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and higher risk of mortality, falls, and reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex, the broad underlying cause of sarcopenia includes an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic muscle homeostasis with or without neuronal degeneration. The intrinsic molecular mechanisms of aging, chronic illness, malnutrition, and immobility are associated with the development of sarcopenia. Screening and testing for sarcopenia may be particularly important among those with chronic disease states. Early recognition of sarcopenia is important because it can provide an opportunity for interventions to reverse or delay the progression of muscle disorder, which may ultimately impact cardiovascular outcomes. Relying on body mass index is not useful for screening because many patients will have sarcopenic obesity, a particularly important phenotype among older cardiac patients. In this review, we aimed to: (1) provide a definition of sarcopenia within the context of muscle wasting disorders; (2) summarize the associations between sarcopenia and different cardiovascular diseases; (3) highlight an approach for a diagnostic evaluation; (4) discuss management strategies for sarcopenia; and (5) outline key gaps in knowledge with implications for the future of the field.

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Crossref · 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064071

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  • Sarcopenia is associated with faster disease progression, higher risk of mortality and falls, and reduced quality of life.

    “Sarcopenia is associated with faster disease progression, higher risk of mortality and falls, and reduced quality of life.16”

    From Changes in lean body mass with <scp>glucagon‐like peptide</scp> ‐1‐based therapies and mitigation strategies (2024) · cites this paper as [16]

    The Abstract states that sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and with higher risks of mortality and falls and reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults. The claim omits those limits and presents faster progression as applying to disease generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The unintentional weight loss of cachexia is predominantly loss of muscle mass with or without loss of fat, and not all individuals with sarcopenia are cachectic.

    “The unintentional weight loss of cachexia is predominantly loss of muscle mass with or without loss of fat; however, not all individuals with sarcopenia are cachectic.86”

    From Malnutrition and Cachexia in Inpatients With Acute Cardiac Conditions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2026) · cites this paper as [86]

    The Definitions section distinguishes sarcopenia from cachexia, supporting the point that not everyone with sarcopenia is cachectic. It also describes sarcopenic obesity, but our copy does not state that cachexia-related weight loss is predominantly muscle loss with or without fat loss (searched: cachexia and involuntary weight loss). (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Insulin suppresses muscle proteolysis leading to a net gain of muscle protein.

    “The anabolic hormone insulin is able to suppress muscle proteolysis leading to a net gain of muscle protein.[15][16][17]”

    From Changes in lean body mass with <scp>glucagon‐like peptide</scp> ‐1‐based therapies and mitigation strategies (2024) · cites this paper as [16]

  • Sarcopenia is more prevalent in older adults but often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities.

    “Sarcopenia is a loosely defined condition which is more prevalent in older adults but often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer).16”

    From Changes in lean body mass with <scp>glucagon‐like peptide</scp> ‐1‐based therapies and mitigation strategies (2024) · cites this paper as [16]

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Authors
Damluji, A. A., Alfaraidhy, M., AlHajri, N., Rohant, N. N., Kumar, M., Al Malouf, C., Bahrainy, S., Ji Kwak, M., Batchelor, W. B., Forman, D. E., Rich, M. W., Kirkpatrick, J., Krishnaswami, A., Alexander, K. P., Gerstenblith, G., Cawthon, P., deFilippi, C. R., & Goyal, P.
Affiliations
  • Inova Health System (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (AE)
  • University of Arizona (US)
  • University of Connecticut (US)
  • Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (C.A.M.).
  • University of Washington (US)
  • University of Texas, Houston (M.J.K.).
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • Kaiser Permanente (US)
  • Duke University (US)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author
Damluji, Abdulla A.
ORCID
Venue
Circulation
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2023-05-16
Volume
147
Issue
20
Pages
1534-1553
ISSN
  • 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4539
DOI
10.1161/circulationaha.123.064071
PMC
PMC10180053
OpenAlex
W4376603423
Cited by
645
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 187 · 2025: 293 · 2024: 144 · 2023: 21
FWCI
23.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Circulation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I21 RX004409)
  • Johns Hopkins University
  • National Institute on Aging (R21AG070804, R01AG066671, R01AG058883, R01AG060499, K76AG064428, P30AG024827, U19AG065188, R01AG077179, R01AG073633, R01AG078153, P30AG021334)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL153771)
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA246695)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords
sarcopenia, cardiovascular disease, muscle atrophy, sarcopenic obesity, sarcopenia screening, sarcopenia diagnosis, sarcopenia management, muscle aging, chronic comorbidities, older adults, mortality risk, falls, quality of life, body mass index limitations
MeSH terms
Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Quality of Life, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength, Sarcopenia

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