A literature review and meta-analyses of cannabis use and suicidality
Abstract
Background We lack a review of the epidemiological literature on cannabis use (acute use and chronic-usual quantity/frequency and heavy use) and suicidality (suicide death, suicide ideation, suicide attempt). Methods The English language literature on Medline, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, and public-use databases was searched for original articles, critical review reports, and public use data on cannabis use and suicide for the period ranging from 1990-2015 (February). Odds ratios (OR) from random effects in meta-analyses for any cannabis use and heavy cannabis use were calculated. Results The acute cannabis-suicidality literature mostly includes descriptive toxicology reports. In terms of death by suicide, the average positive cannabis rate was 9.50% for studies sampling from all suicides, with higher cannabis detection rates amongst suicide decedents by non-overdose methods. We found only 4 studies providing estimates for any chronic cannabis use and death by suicide (OR=2.56 (1.25-5.27)). After deleting duplicates we found 6 studies on any cannabis use and suicide ideation (OR=1.43 (1.13-1.83)), 5 studies on heavy cannabis use and suicide ideation (OR=2.53 (1.00-6.39)), 6 studies on any cannabis use and suicide attempt (OR=2.23 (1.24-4.00)) and 6 studies on heavy cannabis use and suicide attempt (OR=3.20 (1.72-5.94)). Conclusions We currently lack evidence that acute cannabis use increases imminent risk for suicidality. The evidence tends to support that chronic cannabis use can predict suicidality, but the lack of homogeneity in the measurement of cannabis exposure and, in some instances, the lack of systematic control for known risk factors tempered this finding.
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The association between cannabis and suicidal behavior was previously reported by Borges et al.
“The association between cannabis and suicidal behavior was previously reported by Borges et al. 70”
From Association of Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Authors
- Borges, G., Bagge, C. L., & Orozco, R.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (MX)
- University of Mississippi Medical Center (US)
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (MX)
- Corresponding author
- Borges, Guilherme
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 195
- Pages
- 63-74
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2264368923
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Management of Substance Abuse (MSB)
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse (MSD)
- World Health Organization
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Keywords
- cannabis use, suicidality, suicide, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, heavy cannabis use, chronic cannabis use, suicide risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Cannabis, Marijuana Abuse, Diseases in Twins, Humans, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Suicide, Suicide, Attempted, Substance-Related Disorders, Suicidal Ideation
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