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Cited by 68Tryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major DepressionBipolar Disorder and Treatment

Different levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression

Mao, Ruizhi, Zhang, Chen, Chen, Jun, Zhao, Guoqing, Zhou, Rubai, Wang, Fan, Xu, Jingjing, Yang, Tao +12 more·2018·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.115
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Abstract

Background Immune system dysregulation is critical in the physiopathology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, it is unclear whether both diseases present the same inflammatory patterns during depressive episodes. We explored the differences in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines between unipolar and bipolar depression (BDD) and the trajectory of these cytokines after acute-phase treatment.Methods Sixty-four MDD patients, 61 BDD patients, and 62 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. We assessed the clinical features and cytokines plasma levels at baseline and week 12. The pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) of all subjects were assessed by multiplexed sandwich ELISA-based quantitative arrays.Results Before acute-phase treatment, the initial levels of TNF-α and IL-13 were significantly lower in the BDD patients than in the MDD patients. The results demonstrated that there was no relationship between each cytokine level and clinical features of unipolar and bipolar depressions. After 12 weeks, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-13 levels became lower in MDD patients than in the other two groups regardless of the patients' response to treatment while the levels of TNF-α and IL-4 increased only in the BDD responders.Limitations The effects of different drugs on inflammatory cytokines in MDD or BDD could not be explored further due to the relatively small sample size.Conclusion Even within the same depressive states, MDD and BDD patients present different inflammatory features, particularly in regard to pro-inflammatory TNF-α and anti-inflammatory IL-13. In addition, the fluctuations of cytokines induced by medication may provide a hint regarding the prediction of treatment response.

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  • Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α and IFNγ have been consistently reported in the blood of depressed patients.

    “Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) have been consistently reported in the blood of depressed patients [138,139,140]”

    From P2X7 Receptor Signaling in Stress and Depression (2019) · cites this paper as [139]

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Authors
Mao, R., Zhang, C., Chen, J., Zhao, G., Zhou, R., Wang, F., Xu, J., Yang, T., Su, Y., Huang, J., Wu, Z., Cao, L., Wang, Y., Hu, Y., Yuan, C., Yi, Z., Hong, W., Wang, Z., Peng, D., & Fang, Y.
Affiliations
  • Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
  • Shandong University (CN)
  • Shanghai Mental Health Center (CN)
Corresponding author
Fang, Yiru
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-09
Volume
237
Pages
65-72
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.115
OpenAlex
W2802979041
Cited by
68
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 2
FWCI
2.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (91232719, 81771465)
  • Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Keywords
major depressive disorder, bipolar depression, inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-13, IL-4, interleukin-6, immune dysregulation, treatment response prediction, antidepressant treatment
MeSH terms
Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Male, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-4, Cytokines, Interleukin-13

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