The causal relationships of device-measured physical activity with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in adults: A 2-Sample mendelian randomization study
Abstract
Background To examine the causal association of device-measured physical activity with Bipolar disorder (BIP) and schizophrenia (SCZ) in adults by performing 2-sample MR analysis.Methods Summary-level data for exposure variable including overall physical activity, and three different types of physical activities(sedentary, moderate intensity activity, sleep duration) were derived from UK Biobank(n = 91,105). Summary-level data for outcomes were obtained from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) including BIP (n = 51,710) and SCZ(n = 65,967). Cochran's Q statistics, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO global test were used to identify pleiotropy and MR-PRESSO outlier test for removing the pleiotropy of the genetic instruments. For assessing causality, proven MR techniques including one main analysis(IVW)and four sensitive analysis(MLE,SME,WME, MR-PRESSO)were applied for robust results.Results Five MR methods provided consistent genetically evidence that overall physical activity was associated with lower risk of BIP(OR, 0.491; 95% CI: 0.314-0.767; p = 0.002), there was no significant relationship between overall physical activity and SCZ(IVW OR; 1.133; 95% CI: 0.636-2.020; p = 0.672). In addition, no significant causal association was observed between any other types of physical activities and both mental disorders.Limitations The nonlinear association of physical activities on BIP and SCZ were unaccessible through MR analysis.Conclusions This study provides genetic evidence that overall physical activity is an effective preventive factor for BIP but not for SCZ. Together with evidence from observational studies, our finding provides further rationale for individuals at risk for BIP to maintain physical activity.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The two-sample MR did find indication of causal relations between increased overall physical activity and decreased risk for bipolar disorder, equating to a 51% lower risk per 8 milligravity increase in mean acceleration (IVW OR=0.491, 95% CI: 0.314-0.767, p=0.002).
“However, the two-sample MR did find indication of causal relations between increased overall physical activity and decreased risk for bipolar disorder, equating to a 51% lower risk per 8 milligravity increase in mean acceleration (IVW OR=0.491, 95% CI: 0.314-0.767, p=0.002).”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
There was no strong evidence of causal relations between physical activity and schizophrenia in the MR study.
“There was no strong evidence of causal relations with schizophrenia.”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
The estimate for overall physical activity and bipolar disorder was consistent across multiple sensitivity analyses to test for pleiotropy.
“This estimate was consistent across multiple sensitivity analyses to test for pleiotropy.”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
Associations with specific domains of sedentary behavior or moderate intensity activity were non-significant for bipolar disorder.
“Associations with specific domains of sedentary behavior or moderate intensity activity were non-significant.”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
No evidence for causal associations between hours of sleep and depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder.
“There was no evidence for causal associations between hours of sleep with depression, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
Cites
Bowden, J., Davey Smith, G., & Burgess, S. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyv080 · Cited by 9,816 · see citing works
Bowden, J., Davey Smith, G., Haycock, P. C., & Burgess, S. (2016) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.21965 · Cited by 8,922 · see citing works
Verbanck, M., Chen, C.-Y., Neale, B., & Do, R. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0099-7 · Cited by 8,591 · see citing works
Vos, T., Barber, R. M., Bell, B., Bertozzi-Villa, A., Biryukov, S., Bolliger, I., Charlson, F., Davis, A., Degenhardt, L., Dicker, D., et al. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4 · Cited by 6,414 · see citing works
Mendelian Randomization Analysis With Multiple Genetic Variants Using Summarized Data
Burgess, S., Butterworth, A., & Thompson, S. G. (2013) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.21758 · Cited by 6,050 · see citing works
Davey Smith, G., & Ebrahim, S. (2003) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyg070 · Cited by 5,882 · see citing works
Machiela, M. J., & Chanock, S. J. (2015) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv402 · Cited by 2,069 · see citing works
Yavorska, O. O., & Burgess, S. (2017) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyx034 · Cited by 2,013 · see citing works
EPIC- InterAct Consortium, Burgess, S., Scott, R. A., Timpson, N. J., Davey Smith, G., & Thompson, S. G. (2015) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-015-0011-z · Cited by 1,803 · see citing works
Detecting pleiotropy in Mendelian randomisation studies with summary data and a continuous outcome
Greco M, F. D., Minelli, C., Sheehan, N. A., & Thompson, J. R. (2015) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.6522 · Cited by 1,700 · see citing works
Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder
eQTLGen Consortium, Stahl, E. A., BIOS Consortium, the Bipolar Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Breen, G., Forstner, A. J., McQuillin, A., Ripke, S., Trubetskoy, V., Mattheisen, M., et al. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0397-8 · Cited by 1,519 · see citing works
PhenoScanner: a database of human genotype-phenotype associations.
Staley, J. R., Blackshaw, J., Kamat, M. A., Ellis, S., Surendran, P., Sun, B. B., Paul, D. S., Freitag, D., Burgess, S., Danesh, J., et al. (2016) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw373 · Cited by 1,479 · see citing works
Exercise induces hippocampal BDNF through a PGC-1α/FNDC5 pathway
Wrann, C. D., White, J. P., Salogiannnis, J., Laznik-Bogoslavski, D., Wu, J., Ma, D., Lin, J. D., Greenberg, M. E., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.09.008 · Cited by 1,440 · see citing works
Doherty, A., Jackson, D., Hammerla, N., Plötz, T., Olivier, P., Granat, M. H., White, T., van Hees, V. T., Trenell, M. I., Owen, C. G., et al. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169649 · Cited by 1,250 · see citing works
Mokdad, A. H., Forouzanfar, M. H., Daoud, F., Mokdad, A. A., El Bcheraoui, C., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Kyu, H. H., Barber, R. M., Wagner, J., Cercy, K., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00648-6 · Cited by 984 · see citing works
Vancampfort, D., Firth, J., Schuch, F. B., Rosenbaum, S., Mugisha, J., Hallgren, M., Probst, M., Ward, P. B., Gaughran, F., De Hert, M., et al. (2017) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20458 · Cited by 957 · see citing works
Comparison of Self-reported versus Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity
Dyrstad, S. M., Hansen, B. H., Holme, I., & Anderssen, S. A. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a0595f · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Choi, K. W., Chen, C.-Y., Stein, M. B., Klimentidis, Y. C., Wang, M.-J., Koenen, K. C., Smoller, J. W., & Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4175 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Obesity and Psychiatric Disorder: Developmental Trajectories
Mustillo, S., Worthman, C. M., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G. P., Angold, A. C., & Costello, E. J. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.111.4.851 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Firth, J., Stubbs, B., Rosenbaum, S., Vancampfort, D., Malchow, B., Schuch, F., Elliott, R., Nuechterlein, K. H., & Yung, A. R. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw115 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Randall, J. C., Winkler, T. W., Kutalik, Z., Berndt, S. I., Jackson, A. U., Monda, K. L., Kilpeläinen, T. O., Esko, T., Mägi, R., Li, S., et al. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003500 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
GWAS identifies 14 loci for device-measured physical activity and sleep duration
Doherty, A., Smith-Byrne, K., Ferreira, T., Holmes, M. V., Holmes, C., Pulit, S. L., & Lindgren, C. M. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07743-4 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Physical activity and autoimmune diseases: Get moving and manage the disease
Sharif, Κ., Watad, ., Bragazzi, N. L., Lichtbroun, M., Amital, H., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2017) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.010 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Physical activity and prevalence and incidence of mental disorders in adolescents and young adults
STRÖHLE, A., HÖFLER, M., PFISTER, H., MÜLLER, A.-G., HOYER, J., WITTCHEN, H.-U., & LIEB, R. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170700089x · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Willetts, M., Hollowell, S., Aslett, L., Holmes, C., & Doherty, A. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26174-1 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Frey, B. N., Andreazza, A. C., Houenou, J., Jamain, S., Goldstein, B. I., Frye, M. A., Leboyer, M., Berk, M., Malhi, G. S., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., et al. (2013) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867413478217 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Merikangas, K. R., Swendsen, J., Hickie, I. B., Cui, L., Shou, H., Merikangas, A. K., Zhang, J., Lamers, F., Crainiceanu, C., Volkow, N. D., et al. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3546 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Redox Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders
Kim, Y., Vadodaria, K. C., Lenkei, Z., Kato, T., Gage, F. H., Marchetto, M. C., & Santos, R. (2018) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2018.7606 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Chwastiak, L., Rosenheck, R. A., & Kazis, L. E. (2011) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2010.12.009 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Vancampfort, D., Firth, J., Schuch, F., Rosenbaum, S., De Hert, M., Mugisha, J., Probst, M., & Stubbs, B. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.020 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Statistical methods to detect pleiotropy in human complex traits
Hackinger, S., & Zeggini, E. (2017) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.170125 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Vancampfort, D., Probst, M., Sweers, K., Maurissen, K., Knapen, J., & Hert, M. A. F. D. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01666.x · Cited by 139 · see citing works
A review of physical activity correlates in patients with bipolar disorder
Vancampfort, D., Correll, C. U., Probst, M., Sienaert, P., Wyckaert, S., De Herdt, A., Knapen, J., De Wachter, D., & De Hert, M. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.020 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Janney, C. A., Fagiolini, A. M., Swartz, H. A., Jakicic, J. M., Holleman, R. G., & Richardson, C. R. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.09.009 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Sylvia, L., Friedman, E., Kocsis, J., Bernstein, E. E., Brody, B. D., Kinrys, G., Kemp, D. E., Shelton, R., McElroy, S., Bobo, W., et al. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.07.031 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Triggers of mania and depression in young adults with bipolar disorder
Proudfoot, J. G., Whitton, A. E., Parker, G. B., Doran, J., Manicavasagar, V. L., & Delmas, K. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.052 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Sylvia, L. G., Ametrano, R. M., & Nierenberg, A. A. (2009) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000270916 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and bipolar disorder
Chiou, Y., & Huang, T. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.051 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Actigraphy studies and clinical and biobehavioural correlates in schizophrenia: a systematic review
Wee, Z. Y., Yong, S. W. L., Chew, Q. H., Guan, C., Lee, T.-S. W., & Sim, K. (2019) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-019-01993-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Premorbid Functioning in a National Population of Male Twins Discordant for Psychoses
Reichenberg, A., Rabinowitz, J., Weiser, M., Mark, M., Kaplan, Z., & Davidson, M. C. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.9.1514 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Educational level and hospital use in mental disorders A population‐based study
Aro, S., Aro, H., Salinto, M., & Keskimäki, I. (1995) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09787.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Chen, L., Steptoe, A., Chung, M.-S., & Ku, P. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716000921 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Dakwar, E., Blanco, C., Lin, K.-H., Liu, S.-M., Warden, D., Trivedi, M. H., & Nunes, E. V. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.11m07484 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Plasticity with Exercise Training and Extreme Environments
Boushel, R., Lundby, C., Qvortrup, K., & Sahlin, K. (2014) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000025 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Physical activity as prognostic factor for bipolar disorder: An 18-month prospective study
Melo, M. C. A., Garcia, R. F., de Araújo, C. F. C., Rangel, D. M., de Bruin, P. F. C., & de Bruin, V. M. S. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.061 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Bipolar disorder and leisure-time physical activity: Results from a national survey of Canadians
Cairney, J., Veldhuizen, S., Faulkner, G., Schaffer, A., & Rodriguez, M. C. (2009) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2009.09.003 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cognitive behavioral rehabilitation for bipolar disorder patients: A randomized controlled trial
Gomes, B. C., Rocca, C. C. D. A., Belizário, G. O., Fernandes, F. D. B. F., de Menezes, I. V. G., Olmo, G. C., Fachin, R. V. P., Farhat, L. C., & Lafer, B. (2019) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12784 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Kurebayashi, Y., & Otaki, J. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1176-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lifestyle‐related cardiovascular risk factors in patients with bipolar disorder
Brown, S., Ramesh, R., Newson, S., & Isaacs, R. (2013) · Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/pnp.293 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 51 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Firth, J., Solmi, M., Wootton, R. E., Vancampfort, D., Schuch, F. B., Hoare, E., Gilbody, S., Torous, J., Teasdale, S. B., Jackson, S. E., et al. (2020) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20773 · Cited by 1,148 · see citing works
Physical activity, exercise, and mental disorders: it is time to move on
Schuch, F. B., & Vancampfort, D. (2021) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0237 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Time trajectories in the transcriptomic response to exercise - a meta-analysis
Amar, D., Lindholm, M. E., Norrbom, J., Wheeler, M. T., Rivas, M. A., & Ashley, E. A. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23579-x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Iob, E., Pingault, J., Munafo, M. R., Stubbs, B., Gilthorpe, M. S., Maihofer, A. X., & Danese, A. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02133-9 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Gao, X., Sun, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, L., Wang, J., & Wang, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.607865 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationGao, Y., Li, Q., Yang, L., Zhao, H., Wang, D., & Pesola, A. J. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02090-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Promoting physical activity for mental health: an updated evidence review and practical guide
McKeon, G., Curtis, J., & Rosenbaum, S. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000796 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sobczyk, M., Zheng, J., Smith, G. D., & Gaunt, T. R. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072087 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Genomic predictors of physical activity and athletic performance
Ahmetov, I. I., John, G., Semenova, E. A., & Hall, E. C. R. (2024) · Advances in genetics · doi:10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.01.001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Zhang, M., Li, X., Dong, L., Jin, M., Xie, M., Jia, N., Liu, Y., Xue, F., Li, W., Yang, Y., et al. (2023) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d3fo00265a · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Structured physical exercise for bipolar depression: an open-label, proof-of concept study
Lafer, B., Duarte, C. C., Greve, J. M. D., Silva, P. R. D. S., de Almeida, K. M., Belizário, G. O., & Neves, L. M. (2023) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40345-023-00294-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Katz, D. H., Lindholm, M. E., & Ashley, E. A. (2024) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00024.2024 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zheng, X., Jiang, M., Ren, X., Han, L., Yang, P., Jia, Y., Sun, L., Wang, R., Shi, M., Zhu, Z., et al. (2024) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbae070 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Wearable physiological monitoring of physical exercise and mental health: A systematic review
Chen, F., Zhao, L., Pang, L., Zhang, Y., Lü, L., Li, J., & Liu, C. (2025) · Intelligent Sports and Health · doi:10.1016/j.ish.2024.12.006 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Liu, X., Peng, Y., Tao, R., Meng, L., & Li, X. (2022) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/2786567 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Retracteddo Nascimento, R. B., Santos, R., Gomes, T. H. S., França, C. N., Rossi, F. E., Natrielli, D. G., Filho, J. C. J., Gil, S. D. S., Stubbs, B., Lafer, B., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192214913 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Svensson, M., Erhardt, S., Hållmarker, U., James, S. K., & Deierborg, T. (2022) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40345-022-00272-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yan, B., Liao, P., Wang, C., Han, Z., Cheng, F., & Lei, P. (2024) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114927 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sobczyk, M. K., Zheng, J., Smith, G. D., & Gaunt, T. R. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.04.11.22273633 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Garcia‐Argibay, M., Wootton, R. E., Larsson, H., Mattheisen, M., Polimanti, R., & Meier, S. M. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03484-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lafer, B., Neves, L. M., Vancampfort, D., Stubbs, B., Gonzalez-Pinto, A., Nierenberg, A. A., Olagunju, A. T., Goldstein, B. I., Vieta, E., Koning, E., et al. (2026) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.70164 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Rødevand, L. N., Rahman, Z., Jahołkowski, P., Parker, N., Valdimarsdóttir, U. A., Smeland, O. B., Tesfaye, M., Parekh, P., Frei, O., Djurovic, S., et al. (2026) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106304 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Liao, Y., Han, X., Shi, G., Wang, W., Guo, L., He, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, H., Zhao, H., et al. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03471-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Beesdo‐Baum, K. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.738680951.793580928
Körperliche Aktivität bei spezifischen psychischen Erkrankungen
Bendau, A., Petzold, M. B., & Ströhle, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66208-3_12
Assistência integral à saúde: desafios e vulnerabilidades da assistência
Silva, M. R. D., Machado, L. U., Cazeiro, C. C., & Bellotto, P. C. B. (2023) · Editora Científica Digital eBooks · doi:10.37885/978-65-5360-461-2
ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E DESORDENS DE SAÚDE MENTAL: PREVENÇÃO, CUIDADO E TRATAMENTO
Honorio, D. D., de Miranda, I., & de Lima, F. D. (2023) · Editora Científica Digital eBooks · doi:10.37885/231014698
Lifestyle in Mental and Physical Disorders
Suetani, S., Marx, W., & Siskind, D. J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81802-8_14
Physical activity and brain health: a systematic review of Mendelian Randomization studiesPreprint
Túnez, A., van de Weijer, M. P., Firth, J., Verweij, K. J. H., & Treur, J. L. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.06.23.25330111
Danon, M., Perrain, R., Mékaoui, L., & Gorwood, P. A. P. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-77180-4.00063-9
The impact of immune cells on the risk of breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
Zhang, N., Wang, H., Huang, Z., Shen, Z., Zhang, P., & Zhang, G. (2025) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-025-04068-9
Li, S., Duan, N., Chen, Q., & Jiang, H. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120785
Svensson, M., Erhardt, S., Hållmarker, U., James, S. K., & Deierborg, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21443407
- Authors
- Sun, H., Gao, X., Que, X., Liu, L., Ma, J., He, S., Gao, Q., & Wang, T.
- Affiliations
- Shanxi Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Tong
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-02
- Volume
- 263
- Pages
- 598-604
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2988262833
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81872715)
- Innovation Foundation for Graduate Student of Shanxi Province (2018JD25)
- Applied Basic Research Programs of Shanxi Province (201801D221399)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- physical activity, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, device-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, moderate physical activity, sleep duration, causal relationship, mental illness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bipolar Disorder, Humans, Schizophrenia, Exercise, Genome-Wide Association Study, Mendelian Randomization Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
