Cited by 231Bipolar Disorder and TreatmentMental Health Research TopicsSleep and related disorders

Real-time mobile monitoring of the dynamic associations among motor activity, energy, mood, and sleep in adults with bipolar disorder

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Merikangas, Kathleen Ries, Swendsen, Joel, Hickie, Ian B., Cui, Lihong, Shou, Haochang, Merikangas, Alison K., Zhang, Jihui, Lamers, Femke +3 more·2019·JAMA Psychiatry

Abstract

Importance: Biologic systems involved in the regulation of motor activity are intricately linked with other homeostatic systems such as sleep, feeding behavior, energy, and mood. Mobile monitoring technology (eg, actigraphy and ecological momentary assessment devices) allows the assessment of these multiple systems in real time. However, most clinical studies of mental disorders that use mobile devices have not focused on the dynamic associations between these systems. Objectives: To examine the directional associations among motor activity, energy, mood, and sleep using mobile monitoring in a community-identified sample, and to evaluate whether these within-day associations differ between people with a history of bipolar or other mood disorders and controls without mood disorders. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study used a nested case-control design of 242 adults, a subsample of a community-based sample of adults. Probands were recruited by mail from the greater Washington, DC, metropolitan area from January 2005 to June 2013. Enrichment of the sample for mood disorders was provided by volunteers or referrals from the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center or by participants in the National Institute of Mental Health Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program. The inclusion criteria were the ability to speak English, availability to participate, and consent to contact at least 2 living first-degree relatives. Data analysis was performed from June 2013 through July 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Motor activity and sleep duration data were obtained from minute-to-minute activity counts from an actigraphy device worn on the nondominant wrist for 2 weeks. Mood and energy levels were assessed by subjective analogue ratings on the ecological momentary assessment (using a personal digital assistant) by participants 4 times per day for 2 weeks. Results: Of the total 242 participants, 92 (38.1%) were men and 150 (61.9%) were women, with a mean (SD) age of 48 (16.9) years. Among the participants, 54 (22.3%) had bipolar disorder (25 with bipolar I; 29 with bipolar II), 91 (37.6%) had major depressive disorder, and 97 (40.1%) were controls with no history of mood disorders. A unidirectional association was found between motor activity and subjective mood level (β = -0.018, P = .04). Bidirectional associations were observed between motor activity (β = 0.176; P = .03) and subjective energy level (β = 0.027; P = .03) as well as between motor activity (β = -0.027; P = .04) and sleep duration (β = -0.154; P = .04). Greater cross-domain reactivity was observed in bipolar disorder across all outcomes, including motor activity, sleep, mood, and energy. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that interventions focused on motor activity and energy may have greater efficacy than current approaches that target depressed mood; both active and passive tracking of multiple regulatory systems are important in designing therapeutic targets.

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Authors
Merikangas, K. R., Swendsen, J., Hickie, I. B., Cui, L., Shou, H., Merikangas, A. K., Zhang, J., Lamers, F., Crainiceanu, C., Volkow, N. D., & Zipunnikov, V.
Affiliations
  • National Institute of Mental Health (US)
  • Université de Bordeaux (FR)
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
  • Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (US)
Corresponding author
Merikangas, Kathleen Ries
Venue
JAMA Psychiatry
Published
2019-02-01
Volume
76
Issue
2
Pages
190
ISSN
2168-622X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2903886448
Cited by
231
References
83
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 30
FWCI
17.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL123407, R01HL130483)
  • National Institute of Mental Health
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS060910)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords
bipolar disorder, motor activity, sleep duration, energy levels, mood, actigraphy, ecological momentary assessment, mobile monitoring, bidirectional relationship, major depressive disorder, homeostatic systems, mood disorders, sleep homeostasis, feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, real-time monitoring, community sample, first-degree relatives
MeSH terms
Ecological Momentary Assessment, Adult, Affect, Bipolar Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Sleep, Case-Control Studies, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Computers, Handheld, Actigraphy, Self Report

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