Health anxiety and attentional bias: The time course of vigilance and avoidance in light of pictorial illness information
Abstract
Cognitive-behavioral models of health anxiety stress the importance of selective attention not only towards internal but also towards external health threat related stimuli. Yet, little is known about the time course of this attentional bias. The current study investigates threat related attentional bias in participants with varying degrees of health anxiety. Attentional bias was assessed using a visual dot-probe task with health-threat and neutral pictures at two exposure durations, 175ms and 500ms. A baseline condition was added to the dot-probe task to dissociate indices of vigilance towards threat and difficulties to disengage from threat. Substantial positive correlations of health anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and absorption with difficulties to disengage from threat were detected at 500ms exposure time. At an early stage (i.e., at 175ms exposure time), we found significant positive correlations of health anxiety and absorption with orientation towards threat. Results suggest a vigilance avoidance pattern of selective attention associated with pictorial illness related stimuli in health anxiety.
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Illness-related bias occurs in highly health-anxious individuals and patients with pathological HA, and describes the tendency to focus on information that confirms health worries and to ignore contradictory information.
“It was found to occur in highly health-anxious individuals [97,98], as well as in patients with pathological HA [99-101] and describes the tendency to focus on information that confirms their health worries and to ignore information that is contradictory [58].”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [98]
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Rogers, T. A., Daniel, T. A., & Bardeen, J. R. (2021) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2021.101697 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cognitive and Behavioral Mechanisms of Health Anxiety
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Maintaining Mechanisms of Health Anxiety: Current State of Knowledge
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Can't take my eyes off me: Attentional bias of the vulnerable narcissist
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Cortical Reactivity and Attentional Bias during a Body Image Exposure
Chong, S. (2016) · Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)
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- Authors
- Jasper, F., & Witthöft, M.
- Affiliations
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Jasper, Fabian
- ORCID
- Witthöft, Michael
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1131-1138
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993669159
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Keywords
- health anxiety, attentional bias, selective attention, threat-related stimuli, anxiety sensitivity, absorption, exposure duration, dot-probe task
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Attention, Attitude to Health, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Self Report
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